In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces

Objective: This study assessed the reproducibility of a red diode laser device, and its capability to detect dental calculus in vitro on human tooth root surfaces. Material and methods: On each of 50 extracted teeth, a calculus-positive and calculus-free root surface was evaluated by two independent...

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Main Authors: Thomas E. Rams, Abdulaziz Y. Alwaqyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2017-10-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905217300573
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author Thomas E. Rams
Abdulaziz Y. Alwaqyan
author_facet Thomas E. Rams
Abdulaziz Y. Alwaqyan
author_sort Thomas E. Rams
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study assessed the reproducibility of a red diode laser device, and its capability to detect dental calculus in vitro on human tooth root surfaces. Material and methods: On each of 50 extracted teeth, a calculus-positive and calculus-free root surface was evaluated by two independent examiners with a low-power indium gallium arsenide phosphide diode laser (DIAGNOdent) fitted with a periodontal probe-like sapphire tip and emitting visible red light at 655 nm wavelength. Laser autofluorescence intensity readings of examined root surfaces were scored on a 0–99 scale, with duplicate assessments performed using the laser probe tip directed both perpendicular and parallel to evaluated tooth root surfaces. Pearson correlation coefficients of untransformed measurements, and kappa analysis of data dichotomized with a >40 autofluorescence intensity threshold, were calculated to assess intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the laser device. Mean autofluorescence intensity scores of calculus-positive and calculus-free root surfaces were evaluated with the Student’s t-test. Results: Excellent intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was found for DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence intensity measurements, with Pearson correlation coefficients above 94%, and kappa values ranging between 0.96 and 1.0, for duplicate readings taken with both laser probe tip orientations. Significantly higher autofluorescence intensity values were measured when the laser probe tip was directed perpendicular, rather than parallel, to tooth root surfaces. However, calculus-positive roots, particularly with calculus in markedly-raised ledges, yielded significantly greater mean DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence intensity scores than calculus-free surfaces, regardless of probe tip orientation. DIAGNOdent autofluorescence intensity values >40 exhibited a stronger association with calculus (36.6 odds ratio) then measurements of ≥5 (20.1 odds ratio) when the laser probe tip was advanced parallel to root surfaces. Conclusions: Excellent intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of autofluorescence intensity measurements was obtained with the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device on human tooth roots. Calculus-positive root surfaces exhibited significantly greater DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence than calculus-free tooth roots, even with the laser probe tip directed parallel to root surfaces. These findings provide further in vitro validation of the potential utility of a DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for identifying dental calculus on human tooth root surfaces. Keywords: Detection, Laser fluorescence, Probe angulation, Subgingival calculus, Two examiners
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spelling doaj-art-5b7b019cdb684e428d164d75b180ff9a2025-08-20T03:35:00ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522017-10-0129417117810.1016/j.sdentj.2017.08.001In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfacesThomas E. Rams0Abdulaziz Y. Alwaqyan1Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.Advanced Education in General Dentistry Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University School of Dentistry, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA1; Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KuwaitObjective: This study assessed the reproducibility of a red diode laser device, and its capability to detect dental calculus in vitro on human tooth root surfaces. Material and methods: On each of 50 extracted teeth, a calculus-positive and calculus-free root surface was evaluated by two independent examiners with a low-power indium gallium arsenide phosphide diode laser (DIAGNOdent) fitted with a periodontal probe-like sapphire tip and emitting visible red light at 655 nm wavelength. Laser autofluorescence intensity readings of examined root surfaces were scored on a 0–99 scale, with duplicate assessments performed using the laser probe tip directed both perpendicular and parallel to evaluated tooth root surfaces. Pearson correlation coefficients of untransformed measurements, and kappa analysis of data dichotomized with a >40 autofluorescence intensity threshold, were calculated to assess intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the laser device. Mean autofluorescence intensity scores of calculus-positive and calculus-free root surfaces were evaluated with the Student’s t-test. Results: Excellent intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was found for DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence intensity measurements, with Pearson correlation coefficients above 94%, and kappa values ranging between 0.96 and 1.0, for duplicate readings taken with both laser probe tip orientations. Significantly higher autofluorescence intensity values were measured when the laser probe tip was directed perpendicular, rather than parallel, to tooth root surfaces. However, calculus-positive roots, particularly with calculus in markedly-raised ledges, yielded significantly greater mean DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence intensity scores than calculus-free surfaces, regardless of probe tip orientation. DIAGNOdent autofluorescence intensity values >40 exhibited a stronger association with calculus (36.6 odds ratio) then measurements of ≥5 (20.1 odds ratio) when the laser probe tip was advanced parallel to root surfaces. Conclusions: Excellent intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of autofluorescence intensity measurements was obtained with the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device on human tooth roots. Calculus-positive root surfaces exhibited significantly greater DIAGNOdent laser autofluorescence than calculus-free tooth roots, even with the laser probe tip directed parallel to root surfaces. These findings provide further in vitro validation of the potential utility of a DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for identifying dental calculus on human tooth root surfaces. Keywords: Detection, Laser fluorescence, Probe angulation, Subgingival calculus, Two examinershttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905217300573
spellingShingle Thomas E. Rams
Abdulaziz Y. Alwaqyan
In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
Saudi Dental Journal
title In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
title_full In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
title_fullStr In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
title_full_unstemmed In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
title_short In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
title_sort in vitro performance of diagnodent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905217300573
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AT abdulazizyalwaqyan invitroperformanceofdiagnodentlaserfluorescencedevicefordentalcalculusdetectiononhumantoothrootsurfaces