A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds

Abstract Red light activates phytochrome photoreceptors, which mediate such key developmental steps as germination and seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. To examine the details of these responses, we developed a novel experimental system and demonstrated that brief, high-intensity...

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Main Authors: Csenger Márk Szabó, Botond Bán, Borbála Sinka, Bálint Tóth, Barnabás Gilicze, Imre Seres, János Bohus, Attila Ébert, Péter Borbély, Zsolt Gulyás, Gábor Galiba, Eva Darko, Miklós Hovári, Béla Hopp, Csaba Péter, Károly Mogyorósi, András Viczián
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11183-8
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author Csenger Márk Szabó
Botond Bán
Borbála Sinka
Bálint Tóth
Barnabás Gilicze
Imre Seres
János Bohus
Attila Ébert
Péter Borbély
Zsolt Gulyás
Gábor Galiba
Eva Darko
Miklós Hovári
Béla Hopp
Csaba Péter
Károly Mogyorósi
András Viczián
author_facet Csenger Márk Szabó
Botond Bán
Borbála Sinka
Bálint Tóth
Barnabás Gilicze
Imre Seres
János Bohus
Attila Ébert
Péter Borbély
Zsolt Gulyás
Gábor Galiba
Eva Darko
Miklós Hovári
Béla Hopp
Csaba Péter
Károly Mogyorósi
András Viczián
author_sort Csenger Márk Szabó
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Red light activates phytochrome photoreceptors, which mediate such key developmental steps as germination and seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. To examine the details of these responses, we developed a novel experimental system and demonstrated that brief, high-intensity light pulses can elicit sustained physiological responses. We observed that the seeds responded to the femtosecond laser light pulses, but with lower sensitivity compared with continuous light sources having the same average fluence. We concluded that (i) phytochrome B photoreceptors within imbibed seeds efficiently absorb red and far-red photons from pulsed femtosecond laser pulses, with absorption occurring during approximately 10 orders of magnitude shorter amount of time than with conventional light sources; (ii) these treatments did not induce adverse effects during later plant development; and (iii) the effect of ultrashort light pulses in planta coincides with phytochrome photoconversion characteristics described during in vitro studies. Our findings demonstrate that seed germination and photomorphogenic development can be effectively triggered by light, regardless of whether it is delivered continuously or within extremely brief pulses. This research expands the potential applications of femtosecond laser technology and demonstrates the feasibility of investigating the effects of ultrafast physical phenomena on biological processes in vivo using diverse biological readouts.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-5b68a132883b4fb791f3f3061d55d2e62025-08-20T03:45:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-11183-8A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seedsCsenger Márk Szabó0Botond Bán1Borbála Sinka2Bálint Tóth3Barnabás Gilicze4Imre Seres5János Bohus6Attila Ébert7Péter Borbély8Zsolt Gulyás9Gábor Galiba10Eva Darko11Miklós Hovári12Béla Hopp13Csaba Péter14Károly Mogyorósi15András Viczián16The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityDepartment of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of SzegedDepartment of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of SzegedThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityAgricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural ResearchAgricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural ResearchAgricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural ResearchAgricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural ResearchPlant Stress and Phenomics Group, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research CentreDepartment of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of SzegedLaboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research CentreThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC | ALPS FacilityLaboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research CentreAbstract Red light activates phytochrome photoreceptors, which mediate such key developmental steps as germination and seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. To examine the details of these responses, we developed a novel experimental system and demonstrated that brief, high-intensity light pulses can elicit sustained physiological responses. We observed that the seeds responded to the femtosecond laser light pulses, but with lower sensitivity compared with continuous light sources having the same average fluence. We concluded that (i) phytochrome B photoreceptors within imbibed seeds efficiently absorb red and far-red photons from pulsed femtosecond laser pulses, with absorption occurring during approximately 10 orders of magnitude shorter amount of time than with conventional light sources; (ii) these treatments did not induce adverse effects during later plant development; and (iii) the effect of ultrashort light pulses in planta coincides with phytochrome photoconversion characteristics described during in vitro studies. Our findings demonstrate that seed germination and photomorphogenic development can be effectively triggered by light, regardless of whether it is delivered continuously or within extremely brief pulses. This research expands the potential applications of femtosecond laser technology and demonstrates the feasibility of investigating the effects of ultrafast physical phenomena on biological processes in vivo using diverse biological readouts.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11183-8Femtosecond pulsed laserGerminationPlant phenotypingPhotomorphogenesisPhytochrome BUltrafast photoswitch
spellingShingle Csenger Márk Szabó
Botond Bán
Borbála Sinka
Bálint Tóth
Barnabás Gilicze
Imre Seres
János Bohus
Attila Ébert
Péter Borbély
Zsolt Gulyás
Gábor Galiba
Eva Darko
Miklós Hovári
Béla Hopp
Csaba Péter
Károly Mogyorósi
András Viczián
A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
Scientific Reports
Femtosecond pulsed laser
Germination
Plant phenotyping
Photomorphogenesis
Phytochrome B
Ultrafast photoswitch
title A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
title_full A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
title_fullStr A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
title_short A comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
title_sort comparative study of femtosecond pulsed and continuous wave lasers on physiological responses through activation of phytochromes in seeds
topic Femtosecond pulsed laser
Germination
Plant phenotyping
Photomorphogenesis
Phytochrome B
Ultrafast photoswitch
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11183-8
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