Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a un...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896 |
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| author | Meiyu Zhang Shanyou Wu Peng Chen Lin Shao Zizhu Shen Yinjuan Zhao |
| author_facet | Meiyu Zhang Shanyou Wu Peng Chen Lin Shao Zizhu Shen Yinjuan Zhao |
| author_sort | Meiyu Zhang |
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| description | Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a unique phenotype and gene expression compared to planktonic cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1327 downregulated and 1298 upregulated genes, among which the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase coding <i>yuxH</i> gene was remarkably upregulated. Deletion of the <i>yuxH</i> gene led to elevated c-di-GMP levels accompanied by reduced amounts of “actively dispersed cells” from the pellicle and the capacity of motility. Deletion of <i>spoIIIJ</i>, <i>spo0J</i>, and <i>kinA</i> resulted in increased c-di-GMP levels and reduced biofilm dispersal ability. Also, the level of c-di-GMP was increased when adding the cues of inhibition biofilm dispersal such as glucose and calcium ions. Collectively, these present findings suggest the c-di-GMP level is negatively correlated with biofilm dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42, which sheds new light on biofilm regulation in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5b4e1d9d4f164341ba4653f32f81ac3d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5b4e1d9d4f164341ba4653f32f81ac3d2025-08-20T03:13:55ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113489610.3390/microorganisms13040896Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMPMeiyu Zhang0Shanyou Wu1Peng Chen2Lin Shao3Zizhu Shen4Yinjuan Zhao5Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a unique phenotype and gene expression compared to planktonic cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1327 downregulated and 1298 upregulated genes, among which the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase coding <i>yuxH</i> gene was remarkably upregulated. Deletion of the <i>yuxH</i> gene led to elevated c-di-GMP levels accompanied by reduced amounts of “actively dispersed cells” from the pellicle and the capacity of motility. Deletion of <i>spoIIIJ</i>, <i>spo0J</i>, and <i>kinA</i> resulted in increased c-di-GMP levels and reduced biofilm dispersal ability. Also, the level of c-di-GMP was increased when adding the cues of inhibition biofilm dispersal such as glucose and calcium ions. Collectively, these present findings suggest the c-di-GMP level is negatively correlated with biofilm dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42, which sheds new light on biofilm regulation in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896c-di-GMPbiofilmdispersal<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 |
| spellingShingle | Meiyu Zhang Shanyou Wu Peng Chen Lin Shao Zizhu Shen Yinjuan Zhao Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP Microorganisms c-di-GMP biofilm dispersal <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 |
| title | Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP |
| title_full | Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP |
| title_fullStr | Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP |
| title_short | Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP |
| title_sort | biofilm dispersal in i bacillus velezensis i fzb42 is regulated by the second messenger c di gmp |
| topic | c-di-GMP biofilm dispersal <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896 |
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