Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a un...

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Main Authors: Meiyu Zhang, Shanyou Wu, Peng Chen, Lin Shao, Zizhu Shen, Yinjuan Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896
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author Meiyu Zhang
Shanyou Wu
Peng Chen
Lin Shao
Zizhu Shen
Yinjuan Zhao
author_facet Meiyu Zhang
Shanyou Wu
Peng Chen
Lin Shao
Zizhu Shen
Yinjuan Zhao
author_sort Meiyu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a unique phenotype and gene expression compared to planktonic cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1327 downregulated and 1298 upregulated genes, among which the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase coding <i>yuxH</i> gene was remarkably upregulated. Deletion of the <i>yuxH</i> gene led to elevated c-di-GMP levels accompanied by reduced amounts of “actively dispersed cells” from the pellicle and the capacity of motility. Deletion of <i>spoIIIJ</i>, <i>spo0J</i>, and <i>kinA</i> resulted in increased c-di-GMP levels and reduced biofilm dispersal ability. Also, the level of c-di-GMP was increased when adding the cues of inhibition biofilm dispersal such as glucose and calcium ions. Collectively, these present findings suggest the c-di-GMP level is negatively correlated with biofilm dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42, which sheds new light on biofilm regulation in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42.
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id doaj-art-5b4e1d9d4f164341ba4653f32f81ac3d
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-2607
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
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series Microorganisms
spelling doaj-art-5b4e1d9d4f164341ba4653f32f81ac3d2025-08-20T03:13:55ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113489610.3390/microorganisms13040896Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMPMeiyu Zhang0Shanyou Wu1Peng Chen2Lin Shao3Zizhu Shen4Yinjuan Zhao5Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm development, yet the role in Gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that dispersed cells from biofilms of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 exhibit a unique phenotype and gene expression compared to planktonic cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1327 downregulated and 1298 upregulated genes, among which the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase coding <i>yuxH</i> gene was remarkably upregulated. Deletion of the <i>yuxH</i> gene led to elevated c-di-GMP levels accompanied by reduced amounts of “actively dispersed cells” from the pellicle and the capacity of motility. Deletion of <i>spoIIIJ</i>, <i>spo0J</i>, and <i>kinA</i> resulted in increased c-di-GMP levels and reduced biofilm dispersal ability. Also, the level of c-di-GMP was increased when adding the cues of inhibition biofilm dispersal such as glucose and calcium ions. Collectively, these present findings suggest the c-di-GMP level is negatively correlated with biofilm dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42, which sheds new light on biofilm regulation in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896c-di-GMPbiofilmdispersal<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42
spellingShingle Meiyu Zhang
Shanyou Wu
Peng Chen
Lin Shao
Zizhu Shen
Yinjuan Zhao
Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
Microorganisms
c-di-GMP
biofilm
dispersal
<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42
title Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
title_full Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
title_fullStr Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
title_full_unstemmed Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
title_short Biofilm Dispersal in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 Is Regulated by the Second Messenger c-di-GMP
title_sort biofilm dispersal in i bacillus velezensis i fzb42 is regulated by the second messenger c di gmp
topic c-di-GMP
biofilm
dispersal
<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/896
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