Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization

This paper focuses on the critical role of long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies in facilitating renewable energy integration and achieving carbon neutrality. It presents a systematic review of four primary categories: mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electrochemical en...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuyang Zeng, Tuo Zhou, Tong Wang, Man Zhang, Shuping Zhang, Hairui Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/466
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850068066222735360
author Yuyang Zeng
Tuo Zhou
Tong Wang
Man Zhang
Shuping Zhang
Hairui Yang
author_facet Yuyang Zeng
Tuo Zhou
Tong Wang
Man Zhang
Shuping Zhang
Hairui Yang
author_sort Yuyang Zeng
collection DOAJ
description This paper focuses on the critical role of long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies in facilitating renewable energy integration and achieving carbon neutrality. It presents a systematic review of four primary categories: mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and thermal energy storage. The study begins by analyzing the technical advantages and geographical constraints of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) in high-capacity applications. It then explores the potential of hydrogen and synthetic fuels for long-duration clean energy storage. The section on electrochemical energy storage highlights the high energy density and flexible scalability of lithium-ion batteries and redox flow batteries. Finally, the paper evaluates innovative advancements in large-scale thermal energy storage technologies, including sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage. By comparing the performance metrics, application scenarios, and development prospects of various energy storage technologies, this work provides theoretical support and practical insights for maximizing renewable energy utilization and driving the sustainable transformation of global energy systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-5b4bfbb104ca40b2a1c83fe48b8c43c9
institution DOAJ
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-5b4bfbb104ca40b2a1c83fe48b8c43c92025-08-20T02:48:09ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118346610.3390/en18030466Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and DecarbonizationYuyang Zeng0Tuo Zhou1Tong Wang2Man Zhang3Shuping Zhang4Hairui Yang5School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaThis paper focuses on the critical role of long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies in facilitating renewable energy integration and achieving carbon neutrality. It presents a systematic review of four primary categories: mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and thermal energy storage. The study begins by analyzing the technical advantages and geographical constraints of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) in high-capacity applications. It then explores the potential of hydrogen and synthetic fuels for long-duration clean energy storage. The section on electrochemical energy storage highlights the high energy density and flexible scalability of lithium-ion batteries and redox flow batteries. Finally, the paper evaluates innovative advancements in large-scale thermal energy storage technologies, including sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage. By comparing the performance metrics, application scenarios, and development prospects of various energy storage technologies, this work provides theoretical support and practical insights for maximizing renewable energy utilization and driving the sustainable transformation of global energy systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/466long-duration energy storagecarbon neutralitylarge scalerenewable energy
spellingShingle Yuyang Zeng
Tuo Zhou
Tong Wang
Man Zhang
Shuping Zhang
Hairui Yang
Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
Energies
long-duration energy storage
carbon neutrality
large scale
renewable energy
title Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
title_full Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
title_fullStr Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
title_full_unstemmed Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
title_short Long-Duration Energy Storage: A Critical Enabler for Renewable Integration and Decarbonization
title_sort long duration energy storage a critical enabler for renewable integration and decarbonization
topic long-duration energy storage
carbon neutrality
large scale
renewable energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/466
work_keys_str_mv AT yuyangzeng longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization
AT tuozhou longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization
AT tongwang longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization
AT manzhang longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization
AT shupingzhang longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization
AT hairuiyang longdurationenergystorageacriticalenablerforrenewableintegrationanddecarbonization