Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study

Recent studies have implied an increased incidence of autoimmune diseases following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The objective was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infections were associated with celiac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) autoantibodies in a population-b...

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Main Authors: Alexander Lind, Maria Naredi Scherman, Samia Hamdan, Daniel Agardh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Autoimmunity
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08916934.2025.2490491
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author Alexander Lind
Maria Naredi Scherman
Samia Hamdan
Daniel Agardh
author_facet Alexander Lind
Maria Naredi Scherman
Samia Hamdan
Daniel Agardh
author_sort Alexander Lind
collection DOAJ
description Recent studies have implied an increased incidence of autoimmune diseases following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The objective was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infections were associated with celiac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) autoantibodies in a population-based screening when the pandemic hit the South of Sweden during 2021 and 2022. Between August 2021 and June 2022 self-obtained capillary plasma samples were collected from 1088 children at 6–9 years of age and 1185 adolescents at 13–16 years of age, who were randomly invited from the general population to a screening for CD, T1D, AITD, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Among children and adolescents screened for autoantibodies associated with CD, T1D and AITD, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was increased in tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) positive (13/17; 76.5%) compared with tTGA negative (492/1168; 42.1%) 13–16-year-old individuals (p = 0.0057). There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and AITD- or T1D autoantibodies. Our findings indicate a potential association between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and screening-detected CD autoimmunity in adolescents aged 13–16 years. Further research is needed to elucidate whether ongoing CD autoimmunity increases susceptibility to infection or if SARS-CoV-2 may act as a trigger for CD autoimmunity in genetically and environmentally predisposed individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-5b34280900d44da0a2f70699e0a4eb6d2025-08-20T03:10:38ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAutoimmunity0891-69341607-842X2025-12-0158110.1080/08916934.2025.2490491Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD studyAlexander Lind0Maria Naredi Scherman1Samia Hamdan2Daniel Agardh3Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenRecent studies have implied an increased incidence of autoimmune diseases following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The objective was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infections were associated with celiac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) autoantibodies in a population-based screening when the pandemic hit the South of Sweden during 2021 and 2022. Between August 2021 and June 2022 self-obtained capillary plasma samples were collected from 1088 children at 6–9 years of age and 1185 adolescents at 13–16 years of age, who were randomly invited from the general population to a screening for CD, T1D, AITD, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Among children and adolescents screened for autoantibodies associated with CD, T1D and AITD, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was increased in tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) positive (13/17; 76.5%) compared with tTGA negative (492/1168; 42.1%) 13–16-year-old individuals (p = 0.0057). There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and AITD- or T1D autoantibodies. Our findings indicate a potential association between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and screening-detected CD autoimmunity in adolescents aged 13–16 years. Further research is needed to elucidate whether ongoing CD autoimmunity increases susceptibility to infection or if SARS-CoV-2 may act as a trigger for CD autoimmunity in genetically and environmentally predisposed individuals.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08916934.2025.2490491Autoantibodiesautoimmune thyroid diseaseceliac diseaseSARS-CoV-2type 1 diabetes
spellingShingle Alexander Lind
Maria Naredi Scherman
Samia Hamdan
Daniel Agardh
Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
Autoimmunity
Autoantibodies
autoimmune thyroid disease
celiac disease
SARS-CoV-2
type 1 diabetes
title Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
title_full Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
title_fullStr Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
title_full_unstemmed Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
title_short Risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South of Sweden: insights from the TRIAD study
title_sort risk of celiac disease type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease autoimmunity during the sars cov 2 pandemic in south of sweden insights from the triad study
topic Autoantibodies
autoimmune thyroid disease
celiac disease
SARS-CoV-2
type 1 diabetes
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08916934.2025.2490491
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