Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation
In flowering plants, MADS-box genes play regulatory roles in flower induction, floral initiation, and floral morphogenesis. <i>Isatis indigotica</i> (<i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i>) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. However, available information concerning M...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yanqin Ma Yanhong Lan Ju Li Haicheng Long Yujie Zhou Zhi Li Mingjun Miao Jian Zhong Haie Wang Wei Chang Ziqin Xu Liang Yang |
| author_facet | Yanqin Ma Yanhong Lan Ju Li Haicheng Long Yujie Zhou Zhi Li Mingjun Miao Jian Zhong Haie Wang Wei Chang Ziqin Xu Liang Yang |
| author_sort | Yanqin Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In flowering plants, MADS-box genes play regulatory roles in flower induction, floral initiation, and floral morphogenesis. <i>Isatis indigotica</i> (<i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i>) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. However, available information concerning MADS-box genes in <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> is insufficient. Based on the sequencing data of the <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> transcriptome, we identified MADS-box gene-encoding transcription factors that have been shown to play critical roles in developmental processes. In this study, 102 <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> MADS-box genes were identified and categorized into type I (Mα, Mβ, and Mγ) and type II (MIKC<sup>C</sup> and MIKC*) subfamilies. IiMADS proteins in the same cluster had similar motifs and gene structures. In total, 102 IiMADS-box genes were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes. <i>APETALA1</i> (<i>AP1</i>) encodes a MADS-box transcription factor which plays a pivotal role in determining floral meristem identity and also modulates developmental processes within the perianth. We then selected <i>IiAP1</i> for functional studies and found that it is localized to the nucleus and highly expressed in inflorescence, sepals, and petals. The ectopic expression of <i>IiAP1</i> in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering and abnormal development of floral organs. Taken together, this research study carried out a systematic identification of MADS-box genes in <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> and demonstrated that <i>IiAP1</i> takes part in the regulation of floral transition and formation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-5b1e94263e6b4ef3acc0d349f2653c712025-01-10T13:19:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114112910.3390/plants14010129Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and FormationYanqin Ma0Yanhong Lan1Ju Li2Haicheng Long3Yujie Zhou4Zhi Li5Mingjun Miao6Jian Zhong7Haie Wang8Wei Chang9Ziqin Xu10Liang Yang11Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaSichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu 610066, ChinaKey Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaHorticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaIn flowering plants, MADS-box genes play regulatory roles in flower induction, floral initiation, and floral morphogenesis. <i>Isatis indigotica</i> (<i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i>) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. However, available information concerning MADS-box genes in <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> is insufficient. Based on the sequencing data of the <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> transcriptome, we identified MADS-box gene-encoding transcription factors that have been shown to play critical roles in developmental processes. In this study, 102 <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> MADS-box genes were identified and categorized into type I (Mα, Mβ, and Mγ) and type II (MIKC<sup>C</sup> and MIKC*) subfamilies. IiMADS proteins in the same cluster had similar motifs and gene structures. In total, 102 IiMADS-box genes were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes. <i>APETALA1</i> (<i>AP1</i>) encodes a MADS-box transcription factor which plays a pivotal role in determining floral meristem identity and also modulates developmental processes within the perianth. We then selected <i>IiAP1</i> for functional studies and found that it is localized to the nucleus and highly expressed in inflorescence, sepals, and petals. The ectopic expression of <i>IiAP1</i> in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering and abnormal development of floral organs. Taken together, this research study carried out a systematic identification of MADS-box genes in <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> and demonstrated that <i>IiAP1</i> takes part in the regulation of floral transition and formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/129<i>Isatis indigotica</i>MADS-box genetranscription factors<i>IiAP1</i>floral transitionfloral formation |
| spellingShingle | Yanqin Ma Yanhong Lan Ju Li Haicheng Long Yujie Zhou Zhi Li Mingjun Miao Jian Zhong Haie Wang Wei Chang Ziqin Xu Liang Yang Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation Plants <i>Isatis indigotica</i> MADS-box gene transcription factors <i>IiAP1</i> floral transition floral formation |
| title | Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation |
| title_full | Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation |
| title_short | Characterization of MADS-Box Gene Family in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> and Functional Study of <i>IiAP1</i> in Regulating Floral Transition and Formation |
| title_sort | characterization of mads box gene family in i isatis indigotica i and functional study of i iiap1 i in regulating floral transition and formation |
| topic | <i>Isatis indigotica</i> MADS-box gene transcription factors <i>IiAP1</i> floral transition floral formation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/129 |
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