Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar

Abstract In underground mining operations, rock pillars play a crucial role as load-bearing elements whose structural integrity exhibits strong correlation with the inclination angle of the ore deposit. While the dip effect on pillar strength is widely acknowledged, quantifying this effect remains c...

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Main Authors: Lijun Sun, Pengcheng Li, Shujian Li, Menglai Wang, Lingpan Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09819-w
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author Lijun Sun
Pengcheng Li
Shujian Li
Menglai Wang
Lingpan Du
author_facet Lijun Sun
Pengcheng Li
Shujian Li
Menglai Wang
Lingpan Du
author_sort Lijun Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In underground mining operations, rock pillars play a crucial role as load-bearing elements whose structural integrity exhibits strong correlation with the inclination angle of the ore deposit. While the dip effect on pillar strength is widely acknowledged, quantifying this effect remains challenging. This study addresses this issue through theoretical and numerical approaches. A failure criterion for inclined rock was applied to establish the relationship between flat and inclined rock pillar strength. A dimensionless compression-shear coefficient (incorporating in-situ stress factors) was introduced to bridge this relationship, enabling the development of a mathematical model for estimating pillar strength based on the ore-body dip angle. This model integrates rock strength criteria with empirical formulas, extending the application of rock strength theory. The model’s results were validated against numerical simulations, showing strong agreement. Both methods demonstrated that pillar strength decreases as the dip angle increases. The compression-shear coefficient effectively quantifies the dip effect, revealing a consistent decline in strength with higher dip angles. This research not only provides a theoretical framework for assessing inclined pillar strength but also enhances the practical application of rock strength theory in geomechanical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-5b1bb8ec44624bd9aa821dab80fe90e62025-08-20T03:42:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-09819-wCharacterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillarLijun Sun0Pengcheng Li1Shujian Li2Menglai Wang3Lingpan Du4National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and UtilizationNational Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and UtilizationNational Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and UtilizationNational Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and UtilizationNational Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and UtilizationAbstract In underground mining operations, rock pillars play a crucial role as load-bearing elements whose structural integrity exhibits strong correlation with the inclination angle of the ore deposit. While the dip effect on pillar strength is widely acknowledged, quantifying this effect remains challenging. This study addresses this issue through theoretical and numerical approaches. A failure criterion for inclined rock was applied to establish the relationship between flat and inclined rock pillar strength. A dimensionless compression-shear coefficient (incorporating in-situ stress factors) was introduced to bridge this relationship, enabling the development of a mathematical model for estimating pillar strength based on the ore-body dip angle. This model integrates rock strength criteria with empirical formulas, extending the application of rock strength theory. The model’s results were validated against numerical simulations, showing strong agreement. Both methods demonstrated that pillar strength decreases as the dip angle increases. The compression-shear coefficient effectively quantifies the dip effect, revealing a consistent decline in strength with higher dip angles. This research not only provides a theoretical framework for assessing inclined pillar strength but also enhances the practical application of rock strength theory in geomechanical applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09819-wRock pillarStrengthDip effectCompression-shear strength model
spellingShingle Lijun Sun
Pengcheng Li
Shujian Li
Menglai Wang
Lingpan Du
Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
Scientific Reports
Rock pillar
Strength
Dip effect
Compression-shear strength model
title Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
title_full Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
title_fullStr Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
title_short Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
title_sort characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar
topic Rock pillar
Strength
Dip effect
Compression-shear strength model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09819-w
work_keys_str_mv AT lijunsun characterizationofdipeffectonstrengthforgentlyinclinedrockpillar
AT pengchengli characterizationofdipeffectonstrengthforgentlyinclinedrockpillar
AT shujianli characterizationofdipeffectonstrengthforgentlyinclinedrockpillar
AT menglaiwang characterizationofdipeffectonstrengthforgentlyinclinedrockpillar
AT lingpandu characterizationofdipeffectonstrengthforgentlyinclinedrockpillar