Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage
Background and Aim: In swine production, over 99% of artificial insemination (AI) procedures utilize boar semen preserved in liquid form at 17°C for up to 5 days. However, spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress during storage, which impairs motility, membrane integrity, and overall f...
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Veterinary World
2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/8.pdf |
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| author | Rehardus Ricco Pantecostoma Jatesada Jiwakanon Saksiri Sirisathien |
| author_facet | Rehardus Ricco Pantecostoma Jatesada Jiwakanon Saksiri Sirisathien |
| author_sort | Rehardus Ricco Pantecostoma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: In swine production, over 99% of artificial insemination (AI) procedures utilize boar semen preserved in liquid form at 17°C for up to 5 days. However, spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress during storage, which impairs motility, membrane integrity, and overall fertility. Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) compromises sperm structure and function. Although antioxidants are used to mitigate oxidative damage, idebenone (IDB) – a short-chain benzoquinone with potent mitochondrial antioxidant properties – has not been studied in boar semen preservation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IDB supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during 120 h of liquid storage at 17°C.
Materials and Methods: Ejaculates from 25 Duroc boars were diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/mL. In Experiment 1, semen samples (n = 13) were treated with 0, 78, 156, 312, 625, or 1250 nM of IDB and assessed at 24-h intervals for motility (computer-assisted sperm analysis), viability (eosin-nigrosin), and membrane integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test). In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB was selected for its optimal effects and further tested (n = 12) for acrosome integrity (fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin), capacitation status (chlortetracycline staining), LPO (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and kinematic parameters.
Results: After 120 h, the 78 nM IDB group showed significantly improved total motility (81.4%) and membrane integrity (60.3%) compared to control (72.9% and 46.7%, respectively; p < 0.05). Viability was higher in IDB-treated groups, and high concentrations (625–1250 nM) reduced motility. In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB improved total and progressive motility (84.0% and 46.8%), preserved acrosome integrity (64.06% vs. 58.75%), reduced capacitated sperm (64.72% vs. 59.11%), and decreased malondialdehyde levels (51.84 nmol vs. 59.61 nmol) relative to controls (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: IDB at 78 nM effectively preserves boar semen quality during 5-day liquid storage by enhancing motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, and reducing oxidative stress. These findings highlight its potential as a novel antioxidant additive in AI protocols. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5b0cc220debf47dca1627c0a0f4abc752025-08-20T03:10:57ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-06-011861479148610.14202/vetworld.2025.1479-1486Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storageRehardus Ricco Pantecostoma0Jatesada Jiwakanon1Saksiri Sirisathien2Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Background and Aim: In swine production, over 99% of artificial insemination (AI) procedures utilize boar semen preserved in liquid form at 17°C for up to 5 days. However, spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress during storage, which impairs motility, membrane integrity, and overall fertility. Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) compromises sperm structure and function. Although antioxidants are used to mitigate oxidative damage, idebenone (IDB) – a short-chain benzoquinone with potent mitochondrial antioxidant properties – has not been studied in boar semen preservation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IDB supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during 120 h of liquid storage at 17°C. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates from 25 Duroc boars were diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/mL. In Experiment 1, semen samples (n = 13) were treated with 0, 78, 156, 312, 625, or 1250 nM of IDB and assessed at 24-h intervals for motility (computer-assisted sperm analysis), viability (eosin-nigrosin), and membrane integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test). In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB was selected for its optimal effects and further tested (n = 12) for acrosome integrity (fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin), capacitation status (chlortetracycline staining), LPO (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and kinematic parameters. Results: After 120 h, the 78 nM IDB group showed significantly improved total motility (81.4%) and membrane integrity (60.3%) compared to control (72.9% and 46.7%, respectively; p < 0.05). Viability was higher in IDB-treated groups, and high concentrations (625–1250 nM) reduced motility. In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB improved total and progressive motility (84.0% and 46.8%), preserved acrosome integrity (64.06% vs. 58.75%), reduced capacitated sperm (64.72% vs. 59.11%), and decreased malondialdehyde levels (51.84 nmol vs. 59.61 nmol) relative to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: IDB at 78 nM effectively preserves boar semen quality during 5-day liquid storage by enhancing motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, and reducing oxidative stress. These findings highlight its potential as a novel antioxidant additive in AI protocols.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/8.pdfantioxidantartificial inseminationboar semenidebe nonelipid peroxidationoxidative stresssperm preservation |
| spellingShingle | Rehardus Ricco Pantecostoma Jatesada Jiwakanon Saksiri Sirisathien Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage Veterinary World antioxidant artificial insemination boar semen idebe none lipid peroxidation oxidative stress sperm preservation |
| title | Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| title_full | Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| title_fullStr | Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| title_short | Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| title_sort | effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage |
| topic | antioxidant artificial insemination boar semen idebe none lipid peroxidation oxidative stress sperm preservation |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/8.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rehardusriccopantecostoma effectofidebenonesupplementationinasemenextenderonboarspermatozoaqualityduringliquidstorage AT jatesadajiwakanon effectofidebenonesupplementationinasemenextenderonboarspermatozoaqualityduringliquidstorage AT saksirisirisathien effectofidebenonesupplementationinasemenextenderonboarspermatozoaqualityduringliquidstorage |