Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV su...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1540358/full |
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| author | Yuanyuan Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Jing Cheng Yu Guo Yu Guo Yibin Hu Yibin Hu Zhuo Zhao Wenxiao Liu Linyi Zhou Peize Wu Chunjie Cheng Chunjie Cheng Chun Yang Chun Yang Jing Yang Jing Yang Enqi Du Yongqing Li Yongqing Li |
| author_facet | Yuanyuan Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Jing Cheng Yu Guo Yu Guo Yibin Hu Yibin Hu Zhuo Zhao Wenxiao Liu Linyi Zhou Peize Wu Chunjie Cheng Chunjie Cheng Chun Yang Chun Yang Jing Yang Jing Yang Enqi Du Yongqing Li Yongqing Li |
| author_sort | Yuanyuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV subtypes, morbidities, and symptoms, however, only the BVDV 1a subtype vaccine is currently approved. Therefore, this study is to gain insight into the biological characteristics and genetic variation of BVDV strains prevalent in Beijing. Meanwhile, this will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the prevention and control of BVDV, as well as raise awareness of the potential for virulence enhancement caused by the unregulated use of BVDV vaccines. In this study, A BVDV strain, BJ-11, was isolated from calves that died of diarrhea and vaccinated of BVDV. To evaluate its virulence, newborn calves were experimentally infected with the BJ-11. Clinical signs included fever, diarrhea, bloody stools, anorexia, and death in some cases. A marked reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were observed, accompanied by an increase in neutrophil counts. Histopathological changes manifested as severe lung lesions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BJ-11 belongs to the BVDV 1b subtype, genetically closest to the JL-1 strain. Analysis of the E2 glycosylation site disappeared (298SYT) in one of the four common glycosylation sites in the BVDV-1, which has been reported to affect the ability of the virus to infect and an additional glycosylation site (122NGS). These results indicate that BJ-11 is a highly pathogenic strain evolved from a low-virulence ancestor and should be served as a challenge strain. Simultaneously, these results contribute to a broader understanding of BVDV and whether imperfect vaccination strategies lead to reversal of immunosuppressive virulence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5b0cb5b024fc417ab4e2c3cbb6b0c029 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5b0cb5b024fc417ab4e2c3cbb6b0c0292025-01-14T06:10:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-01-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.15403581540358Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calvesYuanyuan Zhang0Yuanyuan Zhang1Jing Cheng2Yu Guo3Yu Guo4Yibin Hu5Yibin Hu6Zhuo Zhao7Wenxiao Liu8Linyi Zhou9Peize Wu10Chunjie Cheng11Chunjie Cheng12Chun Yang13Chun Yang14Jing Yang15Jing Yang16Enqi Du17Yongqing Li18Yongqing Li19Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Centrebio Biological Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaBeijing Centrebio Biological Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Centrebio Biological Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAnimal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAnimal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAnimal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV subtypes, morbidities, and symptoms, however, only the BVDV 1a subtype vaccine is currently approved. Therefore, this study is to gain insight into the biological characteristics and genetic variation of BVDV strains prevalent in Beijing. Meanwhile, this will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the prevention and control of BVDV, as well as raise awareness of the potential for virulence enhancement caused by the unregulated use of BVDV vaccines. In this study, A BVDV strain, BJ-11, was isolated from calves that died of diarrhea and vaccinated of BVDV. To evaluate its virulence, newborn calves were experimentally infected with the BJ-11. Clinical signs included fever, diarrhea, bloody stools, anorexia, and death in some cases. A marked reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were observed, accompanied by an increase in neutrophil counts. Histopathological changes manifested as severe lung lesions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BJ-11 belongs to the BVDV 1b subtype, genetically closest to the JL-1 strain. Analysis of the E2 glycosylation site disappeared (298SYT) in one of the four common glycosylation sites in the BVDV-1, which has been reported to affect the ability of the virus to infect and an additional glycosylation site (122NGS). These results indicate that BJ-11 is a highly pathogenic strain evolved from a low-virulence ancestor and should be served as a challenge strain. Simultaneously, these results contribute to a broader understanding of BVDV and whether imperfect vaccination strategies lead to reversal of immunosuppressive virulence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1540358/fullbovine viral diarrhea viruslethal strainBVDV 1bglycoprotein mutationsevolvevaccination strategies |
| spellingShingle | Yuanyuan Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Jing Cheng Yu Guo Yu Guo Yibin Hu Yibin Hu Zhuo Zhao Wenxiao Liu Linyi Zhou Peize Wu Chunjie Cheng Chunjie Cheng Chun Yang Chun Yang Jing Yang Jing Yang Enqi Du Yongqing Li Yongqing Li Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves Frontiers in Microbiology bovine viral diarrhea virus lethal strain BVDV 1b glycoprotein mutations evolve vaccination strategies |
| title | Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| title_full | Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| title_fullStr | Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| title_short | Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| title_sort | highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus bj 11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves |
| topic | bovine viral diarrhea virus lethal strain BVDV 1b glycoprotein mutations evolve vaccination strategies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1540358/full |
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