Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury

Abstract Background Previous ultrasound-guided cross-pin techniques, which employ 90° elbow flexion, have demonstrated effectiveness; however, they may be associated with an elevated risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve subluxation or dislocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and saf...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xing Wu, Xiaoliang Chen, Xiongtao Li, Teng Wang, Jun Li, Xiantao Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09001-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849735883506319360
author Xing Wu
Xiaoliang Chen
Xiongtao Li
Teng Wang
Jun Li
Xiantao Shen
author_facet Xing Wu
Xiaoliang Chen
Xiongtao Li
Teng Wang
Jun Li
Xiantao Shen
author_sort Xing Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Previous ultrasound-guided cross-pin techniques, which employ 90° elbow flexion, have demonstrated effectiveness; however, they may be associated with an elevated risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve subluxation or dislocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for reducing the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury in paediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from December 2017- October 2019 and included paediatric patients with displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. The modified ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique was utilized to identify the ulnar nerve and confirm the medial pin position during pin placement with elbow in extension. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Results A total of 145 patients (mean age 5.8 years) were enrolled. There were 103 children with Gartland type III fractures, 35 with type II fractures, and 7 with type IV fractures. The incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury was significantly reduced to 0%. A total of 12 cases had abnormal pin insertions, including 11 cases in which the proximity of the inserted medial pin to the ulnar nerve was close and 1 case in which the ulnar nerve was directly violated by the pin. The rate of pin misplacement was 8.3%. At the latest follow-up, all patients demonstrated excellent and good functional outcomes according to the Flynn criteria. Conclusion The ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique may serve as a viable alternative for reducing the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury in paediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures.
format Article
id doaj-art-5b09268fd14c4dd1851f07bafb6defe7
institution DOAJ
issn 1471-2474
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
spelling doaj-art-5b09268fd14c4dd1851f07bafb6defe72025-08-20T03:07:26ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-08-012611810.1186/s12891-025-09001-3Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injuryXing Wu0Xiaoliang Chen1Xiongtao Li2Teng Wang3Jun Li4Xiantao Shen5Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background Previous ultrasound-guided cross-pin techniques, which employ 90° elbow flexion, have demonstrated effectiveness; however, they may be associated with an elevated risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve subluxation or dislocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for reducing the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury in paediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from December 2017- October 2019 and included paediatric patients with displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. The modified ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique was utilized to identify the ulnar nerve and confirm the medial pin position during pin placement with elbow in extension. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Results A total of 145 patients (mean age 5.8 years) were enrolled. There were 103 children with Gartland type III fractures, 35 with type II fractures, and 7 with type IV fractures. The incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury was significantly reduced to 0%. A total of 12 cases had abnormal pin insertions, including 11 cases in which the proximity of the inserted medial pin to the ulnar nerve was close and 1 case in which the ulnar nerve was directly violated by the pin. The rate of pin misplacement was 8.3%. At the latest follow-up, all patients demonstrated excellent and good functional outcomes according to the Flynn criteria. Conclusion The ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique may serve as a viable alternative for reducing the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury in paediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09001-3UltrasoundCross-pin techniqueSupracondylar humerus fracturesUlnar nerve injury
spellingShingle Xing Wu
Xiaoliang Chen
Xiongtao Li
Teng Wang
Jun Li
Xiantao Shen
Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Ultrasound
Cross-pin technique
Supracondylar humerus fractures
Ulnar nerve injury
title Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
title_full Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
title_fullStr Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
title_short Ultrasound-guided cross-pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
title_sort ultrasound guided cross pin technique for paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures minimizing iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury
topic Ultrasound
Cross-pin technique
Supracondylar humerus fractures
Ulnar nerve injury
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09001-3
work_keys_str_mv AT xingwu ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury
AT xiaoliangchen ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury
AT xiongtaoli ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury
AT tengwang ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury
AT junli ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury
AT xiantaoshen ultrasoundguidedcrosspintechniqueforpaediatricsupracondylarhumerusfracturesminimizingiatrogeniculnarnerveinjury