Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) are among the basic concepts of functional fitness and quality assurance in modern manufacturing. The historical development of GD&T took place primarily in the ambit of subtractive manufacturing; the advent of Additive Manufacturing (AM) now pre...

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Main Author: Rocco Furferi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3398
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author Rocco Furferi
author_facet Rocco Furferi
author_sort Rocco Furferi
collection DOAJ
description Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) are among the basic concepts of functional fitness and quality assurance in modern manufacturing. The historical development of GD&T took place primarily in the ambit of subtractive manufacturing; the advent of Additive Manufacturing (AM) now presents novel challenges due to the complexity of geometries, material variability, and process-induced variances. The present Perspective Paper briefly hints at key challenges for the future of GD&T in AM, with an eye to the necessary adaptation of tolerancing principles to AM-specific geometries, integration of Model-Based Definition (MBD) in digital threads, and development of new standards for surface texture and tolerance stack-up. New inspection techniques are also highlighted for the AM parts, which would become more prominent. This study underscores the need for continued research and collaboration to develop comprehensive GD&T frameworks tailored to AM, ensuring its industrial scalability and interoperability with traditional manufacturing systems.
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spelling doaj-art-5aef101b52b04d0e8d237882fa3e70792025-08-20T02:42:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156339810.3390/app15063398Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A PerspectiveRocco Furferi0Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, ItalyGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) are among the basic concepts of functional fitness and quality assurance in modern manufacturing. The historical development of GD&T took place primarily in the ambit of subtractive manufacturing; the advent of Additive Manufacturing (AM) now presents novel challenges due to the complexity of geometries, material variability, and process-induced variances. The present Perspective Paper briefly hints at key challenges for the future of GD&T in AM, with an eye to the necessary adaptation of tolerancing principles to AM-specific geometries, integration of Model-Based Definition (MBD) in digital threads, and development of new standards for surface texture and tolerance stack-up. New inspection techniques are also highlighted for the AM parts, which would become more prominent. This study underscores the need for continued research and collaboration to develop comprehensive GD&T frameworks tailored to AM, ensuring its industrial scalability and interoperability with traditional manufacturing systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3398geometric dimensioning and tolerancingISOadditive manufacturingmodel-based definitionsurface texture features
spellingShingle Rocco Furferi
Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
Applied Sciences
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
ISO
additive manufacturing
model-based definition
surface texture features
title Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
title_full Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
title_fullStr Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
title_short Integrating Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with Additive Manufacturing: A Perspective
title_sort integrating geometric dimensioning and tolerancing with additive manufacturing a perspective
topic geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
ISO
additive manufacturing
model-based definition
surface texture features
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3398
work_keys_str_mv AT roccofurferi integratinggeometricdimensioningandtolerancingwithadditivemanufacturingaperspective