Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety
Background/Objectives: COVID-19 has been associated with a wide range of immune responses, including the production of autoantibodies, particularly in severe cases. This study investigates the IgG autoantibody responses in patients with varying severities of COVID-19 infection and compares these res...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/694 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849417990792019968 |
|---|---|
| author | Nicolle Rakanidis Machado Lais Alves do Nascimento Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes João Vitor da Silva Borges Fabio da Ressureição Sgnotto Isabella Siuffi Bergamasco Juliana Ruiz Fernandes Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto Anna Julia Pietrobon Gil Benard Maria Notomi Sato Jefferson Russo Victor |
| author_facet | Nicolle Rakanidis Machado Lais Alves do Nascimento Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes João Vitor da Silva Borges Fabio da Ressureição Sgnotto Isabella Siuffi Bergamasco Juliana Ruiz Fernandes Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto Anna Julia Pietrobon Gil Benard Maria Notomi Sato Jefferson Russo Victor |
| author_sort | Nicolle Rakanidis Machado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: COVID-19 has been associated with a wide range of immune responses, including the production of autoantibodies, particularly in severe cases. This study investigates the IgG autoantibody responses in patients with varying severities of COVID-19 infection and compares these responses with vaccinated individuals. Methods: We utilized proteomic profiling to analyze autoantibody reactivity against a broad spectrum of proteins expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in serum samples from severe and moderate COVID-19 patients, as well as vaccinated individuals who received the inactivated CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. Results: Our findings indicate a marked increase in the diversity and number of IgG autoantibodies targeting intracellular and membrane-associated proteins in severe COVID-19 cases, compared to those with moderate cases of the disease. The autoantibody response in severe cases was found to primarily target proteins involved in immune cell activation, signaling, and differentiation, suggesting potential pathways of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. In contrast, vaccinated individuals did not exhibit similar autoantibody reactivity, pointing to a more controlled immune response post-vaccination. Notably, no significant autoimmune responses were detected in the vaccinated cohort, suggesting that the inactivated vaccine does not induce autoreactive IgG. These findings align with the established safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in comparison to the heightened immune dysregulation observed in severe COVID-19 patients. The absence of a significant autoantibody response in vaccinated individuals supports the notion that vaccines, while inducing robust immune activation, do not typically trigger autoimmunity in healthy individuals. Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of distinguishing between the immune responses triggered by infection and vaccination and highlights the need for the continued monitoring of autoimmune responses in severe COVID-19 cases. Future research should focus on the long-term persistence and clinical relevance of these autoantibodies, particularly in individuals with pre-existing autoimmune conditions or genetic predispositions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5aeacb6b3f1c46328d2d845d804716ce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-5aeacb6b3f1c46328d2d845d804716ce2025-08-20T03:32:35ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-06-0113769410.3390/vaccines13070694Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine SafetyNicolle Rakanidis Machado0Lais Alves do Nascimento1Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes2João Vitor da Silva Borges3Fabio da Ressureição Sgnotto4Isabella Siuffi Bergamasco5Juliana Ruiz Fernandes6Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto7Anna Julia Pietrobon8Gil Benard9Maria Notomi Sato10Jefferson Russo Victor11Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, BrazilPost Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, BrazilPost Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilBackground/Objectives: COVID-19 has been associated with a wide range of immune responses, including the production of autoantibodies, particularly in severe cases. This study investigates the IgG autoantibody responses in patients with varying severities of COVID-19 infection and compares these responses with vaccinated individuals. Methods: We utilized proteomic profiling to analyze autoantibody reactivity against a broad spectrum of proteins expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in serum samples from severe and moderate COVID-19 patients, as well as vaccinated individuals who received the inactivated CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. Results: Our findings indicate a marked increase in the diversity and number of IgG autoantibodies targeting intracellular and membrane-associated proteins in severe COVID-19 cases, compared to those with moderate cases of the disease. The autoantibody response in severe cases was found to primarily target proteins involved in immune cell activation, signaling, and differentiation, suggesting potential pathways of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. In contrast, vaccinated individuals did not exhibit similar autoantibody reactivity, pointing to a more controlled immune response post-vaccination. Notably, no significant autoimmune responses were detected in the vaccinated cohort, suggesting that the inactivated vaccine does not induce autoreactive IgG. These findings align with the established safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in comparison to the heightened immune dysregulation observed in severe COVID-19 patients. The absence of a significant autoantibody response in vaccinated individuals supports the notion that vaccines, while inducing robust immune activation, do not typically trigger autoimmunity in healthy individuals. Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of distinguishing between the immune responses triggered by infection and vaccination and highlights the need for the continued monitoring of autoimmune responses in severe COVID-19 cases. Future research should focus on the long-term persistence and clinical relevance of these autoantibodies, particularly in individuals with pre-existing autoimmune conditions or genetic predispositions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/694IgGCOVID-19autoantibodiesSARS-CoV-2PBMC |
| spellingShingle | Nicolle Rakanidis Machado Lais Alves do Nascimento Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes João Vitor da Silva Borges Fabio da Ressureição Sgnotto Isabella Siuffi Bergamasco Juliana Ruiz Fernandes Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto Anna Julia Pietrobon Gil Benard Maria Notomi Sato Jefferson Russo Victor Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety Vaccines IgG COVID-19 autoantibodies SARS-CoV-2 PBMC |
| title | Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety |
| title_full | Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety |
| title_fullStr | Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety |
| title_short | Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety |
| title_sort | proteomic profiling of human peripheral blood cell targets of igg induced by sars cov 2 insights into vaccine safety |
| topic | IgG COVID-19 autoantibodies SARS-CoV-2 PBMC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/694 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nicollerakanidismachado proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT laisalvesdonascimento proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT beatrizoliveirafagundes proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT joaovitordasilvaborges proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT fabiodaressureicaosgnotto proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT isabellasiuffibergamasco proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT julianaruizfernandes proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT thalytanerycarvalhopinto proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT annajuliapietrobon proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT gilbenard proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT marianotomisato proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety AT jeffersonrussovictor proteomicprofilingofhumanperipheralbloodcelltargetsofigginducedbysarscov2insightsintovaccinesafety |