Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing

Unitarity serves as a fundamental concept for characterizing linear and conservative wave phenomena in both classical and quantum systems. Developing platforms that perform unitary operations on light waves in a universal and programmable manner enables the emulation of complex light–matter interact...

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Main Authors: Kim Kyuho, Park Kunwoo, Park Hyungchul, Yu Sunkyu, Park Namkyoo, Piao Xianji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-02-01
Series:Nanophotonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602
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author Kim Kyuho
Park Kunwoo
Park Hyungchul
Yu Sunkyu
Park Namkyoo
Piao Xianji
author_facet Kim Kyuho
Park Kunwoo
Park Hyungchul
Yu Sunkyu
Park Namkyoo
Piao Xianji
author_sort Kim Kyuho
collection DOAJ
description Unitarity serves as a fundamental concept for characterizing linear and conservative wave phenomena in both classical and quantum systems. Developing platforms that perform unitary operations on light waves in a universal and programmable manner enables the emulation of complex light–matter interactions and the execution of general-purpose functionalities for wave manipulations, photonic computing, and quantum circuits. Recently, numerous approaches to implementing programmable photonic unitary circuits have been proposed and demonstrated, each employing different design strategies that distinctly impact overall device performance. Here, we review foundational design principles and recent achievements in the implementation of programmable photonic unitary circuits, with a particular focus on integrated photonic platforms. We classify the design strategies based on the dimensionality of nontrivial unit operations in their building blocks: lower-dimensional unitary units, such as SU(2) operations, and higher-dimensional ones, such as Fourier transforms. In each category, recent efforts to leverage alternative physical axes, such as the temporal and frequency domains, to address scalability challenges are also reviewed. We discuss the underlying concepts, design procedures, and trade-offs of each design strategy, especially in relation to light-based computing.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2192-8614
language English
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publisher De Gruyter
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series Nanophotonics
spelling doaj-art-5addf6b43f804fdc82a80f7d83253dfb2025-08-20T03:18:23ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142025-02-0114101429144910.1515/nanoph-2024-0602Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computingKim Kyuho0Park Kunwoo1Park Hyungchul2Yu Sunkyu3Park Namkyoo4Piao Xianji5Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, KoreaIntelligent Wave Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, KoreaIntelligent Wave Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, KoreaIntelligent Wave Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, KoreaPhotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, KoreaWave Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul02504, KoreaUnitarity serves as a fundamental concept for characterizing linear and conservative wave phenomena in both classical and quantum systems. Developing platforms that perform unitary operations on light waves in a universal and programmable manner enables the emulation of complex light–matter interactions and the execution of general-purpose functionalities for wave manipulations, photonic computing, and quantum circuits. Recently, numerous approaches to implementing programmable photonic unitary circuits have been proposed and demonstrated, each employing different design strategies that distinctly impact overall device performance. Here, we review foundational design principles and recent achievements in the implementation of programmable photonic unitary circuits, with a particular focus on integrated photonic platforms. We classify the design strategies based on the dimensionality of nontrivial unit operations in their building blocks: lower-dimensional unitary units, such as SU(2) operations, and higher-dimensional ones, such as Fourier transforms. In each category, recent efforts to leverage alternative physical axes, such as the temporal and frequency domains, to address scalability challenges are also reviewed. We discuss the underlying concepts, design procedures, and trade-offs of each design strategy, especially in relation to light-based computing.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602unitary operationphotonic circuitprogrammable photonicsphotonic computinguniversal unitary
spellingShingle Kim Kyuho
Park Kunwoo
Park Hyungchul
Yu Sunkyu
Park Namkyoo
Piao Xianji
Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
Nanophotonics
unitary operation
photonic circuit
programmable photonics
photonic computing
universal unitary
title Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
title_full Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
title_fullStr Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
title_full_unstemmed Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
title_short Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
title_sort programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing
topic unitary operation
photonic circuit
programmable photonics
photonic computing
universal unitary
url https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602
work_keys_str_mv AT kimkyuho programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing
AT parkkunwoo programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing
AT parkhyungchul programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing
AT yusunkyu programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing
AT parknamkyoo programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing
AT piaoxianji programmablephotonicunitarycircuitsforlightcomputing