Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?

This research uses linear correlation and time-series analysis to examine the evolution of the external debt accumulated in periods of current account deficits and reserve purchases. Statistical data of GIPS countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain), Ireland, and the United States show that a s...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andrea Carrera, Luís Cárdenas, Víctor Arribas Martínez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Associazione Economia civile 2025-06-01
Series:PSL Quarterly Review
Subjects:
Online Access:https://rosa.uniroma1.it/rosa04/psl_quarterly_review/article/view/18610
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849428288518225920
author Andrea Carrera
Luís Cárdenas
Víctor Arribas Martínez
author_facet Andrea Carrera
Luís Cárdenas
Víctor Arribas Martínez
author_sort Andrea Carrera
collection DOAJ
description This research uses linear correlation and time-series analysis to examine the evolution of the external debt accumulated in periods of current account deficits and reserve purchases. Statistical data of GIPS countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain), Ireland, and the United States show that a significant portion of the external debt cannot be explained by balance-of-payment (BoP) analysis. Similarly, the study finds that the external debt of the “Frugal Four” countries (Austria, Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden) is also higher than explainable through BoP data. The research suggests that, due to the very structure of the international payment system, a country’s over-indebtedness is chronic in nature rather than due to behavioural or cultural factors. To tackle the issue, the development of international central banking is thus suggested.
format Article
id doaj-art-5ad055718dab4c93a98b5c441bfda92c
institution Kabale University
issn 2037-3635
2037-3643
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Associazione Economia civile
record_format Article
series PSL Quarterly Review
spelling doaj-art-5ad055718dab4c93a98b5c441bfda92c2025-08-20T03:28:44ZengAssociazione Economia civilePSL Quarterly Review2037-36352037-36432025-06-017831310.13133/2037-3643/18610Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?Andrea Carrera0Luís Cárdenas1Víctor Arribas Martínez2Department of Applied Economics, Structure & History, Faculty of Economics and Business, Complutense University of Madrid, and Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI)Department of Applied and Public Economics & Political Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business, Complutense University of Madrid, and Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI)European Patent Office (EPO), Munich, Germany This research uses linear correlation and time-series analysis to examine the evolution of the external debt accumulated in periods of current account deficits and reserve purchases. Statistical data of GIPS countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain), Ireland, and the United States show that a significant portion of the external debt cannot be explained by balance-of-payment (BoP) analysis. Similarly, the study finds that the external debt of the “Frugal Four” countries (Austria, Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden) is also higher than explainable through BoP data. The research suggests that, due to the very structure of the international payment system, a country’s over-indebtedness is chronic in nature rather than due to behavioural or cultural factors. To tackle the issue, the development of international central banking is thus suggested. https://rosa.uniroma1.it/rosa04/psl_quarterly_review/article/view/18610external debtcurrent accountgrowth modelscomparative political economySouthern EuropeFrugal Four
spellingShingle Andrea Carrera
Luís Cárdenas
Víctor Arribas Martínez
Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
PSL Quarterly Review
external debt
current account
growth models
comparative political economy
Southern Europe
Frugal Four
title Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
title_full Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
title_fullStr Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
title_full_unstemmed Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
title_short Southern Europe and the Frugal Four: Pathological external indebtedness?
title_sort southern europe and the frugal four pathological external indebtedness
topic external debt
current account
growth models
comparative political economy
Southern Europe
Frugal Four
url https://rosa.uniroma1.it/rosa04/psl_quarterly_review/article/view/18610
work_keys_str_mv AT andreacarrera southerneuropeandthefrugalfourpathologicalexternalindebtedness
AT luiscardenas southerneuropeandthefrugalfourpathologicalexternalindebtedness
AT victorarribasmartinez southerneuropeandthefrugalfourpathologicalexternalindebtedness