Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Background: Heart failure (HF) management lacks clarity regarding fluid balance strategies, with some studies suggesting potential benefits of liberal fluid intake. This review aims to evaluate both unrestricted and restricted fluid intake, including sodium restriction, in adult HF. Methods: A thoro...

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Main Authors: Suh-Meei Hsu, Yueh-Hung Lin, Ying-Chun Lin, Shu-Jung Liu, Chih-Ju Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Tsae-Jyy Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664624005540
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author Suh-Meei Hsu
Yueh-Hung Lin
Ying-Chun Lin
Shu-Jung Liu
Chih-Ju Liu
Chung-Lieh Hung
Tsae-Jyy Wang
author_facet Suh-Meei Hsu
Yueh-Hung Lin
Ying-Chun Lin
Shu-Jung Liu
Chih-Ju Liu
Chung-Lieh Hung
Tsae-Jyy Wang
author_sort Suh-Meei Hsu
collection DOAJ
description Background: Heart failure (HF) management lacks clarity regarding fluid balance strategies, with some studies suggesting potential benefits of liberal fluid intake. This review aims to evaluate both unrestricted and restricted fluid intake, including sodium restriction, in adult HF. Methods: A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, identified relevant studies examining fluid intake effects on adult heart failure patients, categorized by liberal or restricted intake, with subgroup analysis on sodium restriction. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated, employing trial sequential analysis (TSA) for reliability. Nine studies involving 961 patients were included, with follow-up durations ranging from 2 days to 6 months. Results: Daily fluid intake ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 L for the intervention group, and sodium intake varied from 2.0 to 5.0 g per day across five studies. No significant differences were observed in re-hospitalization rate, mortality rate, thirst, quality of life, doses of diuretics, or serum sodium levels between liberal and restricted intake groups. However, fluid-restricted patients exhibited increased serum creatinine levels, decreased serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and reduced body weight. Conclusion: In summary, the existing studies on this topic are hindered by heterogeneity and relatively small sample sizes. However, when the available data is combined, it suggests that HF patients managed with either liberal or restrictive fluid intake exhibit similar clinical outcomes. It's worth noting that fluid restriction in HF patients might lead to increased serum creatinine levels, decreased BNP and body weight.
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spelling doaj-art-5acfcbfb76dd48ceadc1c1eed79432f22025-08-20T03:24:07ZengElsevierJournal of the Formosan Medical Association0929-66462025-07-01124765065910.1016/j.jfma.2024.11.017Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysisSuh-Meei Hsu0Yueh-Hung Lin1Ying-Chun Lin2Shu-Jung Liu3Chih-Ju Liu4Chung-Lieh Hung5Tsae-Jyy Wang6Nursing and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan; Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, TaiwanNursing and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Library, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch, New Taipei City, TaiwanNursing and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Road, Taipei, Taiwan.Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Road, Taipei, TaiwanBackground: Heart failure (HF) management lacks clarity regarding fluid balance strategies, with some studies suggesting potential benefits of liberal fluid intake. This review aims to evaluate both unrestricted and restricted fluid intake, including sodium restriction, in adult HF. Methods: A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, identified relevant studies examining fluid intake effects on adult heart failure patients, categorized by liberal or restricted intake, with subgroup analysis on sodium restriction. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated, employing trial sequential analysis (TSA) for reliability. Nine studies involving 961 patients were included, with follow-up durations ranging from 2 days to 6 months. Results: Daily fluid intake ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 L for the intervention group, and sodium intake varied from 2.0 to 5.0 g per day across five studies. No significant differences were observed in re-hospitalization rate, mortality rate, thirst, quality of life, doses of diuretics, or serum sodium levels between liberal and restricted intake groups. However, fluid-restricted patients exhibited increased serum creatinine levels, decreased serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and reduced body weight. Conclusion: In summary, the existing studies on this topic are hindered by heterogeneity and relatively small sample sizes. However, when the available data is combined, it suggests that HF patients managed with either liberal or restrictive fluid intake exhibit similar clinical outcomes. It's worth noting that fluid restriction in HF patients might lead to increased serum creatinine levels, decreased BNP and body weight.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664624005540Heart failureFluid intakeClinical outcomesre-hospitalizationSodium levelsSerum creatinine
spellingShingle Suh-Meei Hsu
Yueh-Hung Lin
Ying-Chun Lin
Shu-Jung Liu
Chih-Ju Liu
Chung-Lieh Hung
Tsae-Jyy Wang
Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Heart failure
Fluid intake
Clinical outcomes
re-hospitalization
Sodium levels
Serum creatinine
title Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
title_full Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
title_fullStr Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
title_full_unstemmed Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
title_short Fluid intake impact on heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
title_sort fluid intake impact on heart failure systematic review and meta analysis with trial sequential analysis
topic Heart failure
Fluid intake
Clinical outcomes
re-hospitalization
Sodium levels
Serum creatinine
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664624005540
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