Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression

Metamorphosis is a common developmental process in invertebrate development. It is essential for the degeneration of larval organs, formation of adult organs, and adaptation transformation of the living environment. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In...

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Main Authors: Wenjie Shi, Penghui Liu, Dongyu Yang, Yuan Zhuang, Boyan Lin, Bo Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/546
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author Wenjie Shi
Penghui Liu
Dongyu Yang
Yuan Zhuang
Boyan Lin
Bo Dong
author_facet Wenjie Shi
Penghui Liu
Dongyu Yang
Yuan Zhuang
Boyan Lin
Bo Dong
author_sort Wenjie Shi
collection DOAJ
description Metamorphosis is a common developmental process in invertebrate development. It is essential for the degeneration of larval organs, formation of adult organs, and adaptation transformation of the living environment. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used tail regression of ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> as a model to understand the gene regulation pathway and molecular mechanism in organ metamorphosis. The TGFβ signaling pathway was screened and demonstrated to be involved in tail regression based on RNA sequencing on the different larval stages and verification with inhibitor treatment experiments. We further investigated the downstream gene network of the TGFβ signaling pathway through comparative transcriptome data analysis on the TGFβ pathway inhibition samples. Together with qRT-PCR verification, we identified four critical gene functional categories, including ion transporters/water channel, extracellular matrix structural constituent, extracellular matrix organization, and cell polarity establishment. Furthermore, a cross-species comparative analysis between <i>Ciona robusta</i> and <i>S. clava</i> was performed to understand the conservation and divergence of gene regulation in ascidians. Overall, our work identifies a crucial gene regulation pathway in ascidian tail regression and provides several potential downstream targets for understanding the molecular mechanism of larval metamorphosis.
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spelling doaj-art-5abccec77a994dcea25ec6e87da23d852025-08-20T02:09:21ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-04-0114754610.3390/cells14070546Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail RegressionWenjie Shi0Penghui Liu1Dongyu Yang2Yuan Zhuang3Boyan Lin4Bo Dong5Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaFang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaFang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaFang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaFang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaFang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMetamorphosis is a common developmental process in invertebrate development. It is essential for the degeneration of larval organs, formation of adult organs, and adaptation transformation of the living environment. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used tail regression of ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> as a model to understand the gene regulation pathway and molecular mechanism in organ metamorphosis. The TGFβ signaling pathway was screened and demonstrated to be involved in tail regression based on RNA sequencing on the different larval stages and verification with inhibitor treatment experiments. We further investigated the downstream gene network of the TGFβ signaling pathway through comparative transcriptome data analysis on the TGFβ pathway inhibition samples. Together with qRT-PCR verification, we identified four critical gene functional categories, including ion transporters/water channel, extracellular matrix structural constituent, extracellular matrix organization, and cell polarity establishment. Furthermore, a cross-species comparative analysis between <i>Ciona robusta</i> and <i>S. clava</i> was performed to understand the conservation and divergence of gene regulation in ascidians. Overall, our work identifies a crucial gene regulation pathway in ascidian tail regression and provides several potential downstream targets for understanding the molecular mechanism of larval metamorphosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/546TGFβ pathwayascidianmetamorphosistail regression
spellingShingle Wenjie Shi
Penghui Liu
Dongyu Yang
Yuan Zhuang
Boyan Lin
Bo Dong
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
Cells
TGFβ pathway
ascidian
metamorphosis
tail regression
title Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
title_full Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
title_fullStr Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
title_short Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression
title_sort transcriptome analysis reveals the requirement of the tgfβ pathway in ascidian tail regression
topic TGFβ pathway
ascidian
metamorphosis
tail regression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/546
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AT boyanlin transcriptomeanalysisrevealstherequirementofthetgfbpathwayinascidiantailregression
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