Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Requirement of the TGFβ Pathway in Ascidian Tail Regression

Metamorphosis is a common developmental process in invertebrate development. It is essential for the degeneration of larval organs, formation of adult organs, and adaptation transformation of the living environment. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wenjie Shi, Penghui Liu, Dongyu Yang, Yuan Zhuang, Boyan Lin, Bo Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/546
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Summary:Metamorphosis is a common developmental process in invertebrate development. It is essential for the degeneration of larval organs, formation of adult organs, and adaptation transformation of the living environment. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used tail regression of ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> as a model to understand the gene regulation pathway and molecular mechanism in organ metamorphosis. The TGFβ signaling pathway was screened and demonstrated to be involved in tail regression based on RNA sequencing on the different larval stages and verification with inhibitor treatment experiments. We further investigated the downstream gene network of the TGFβ signaling pathway through comparative transcriptome data analysis on the TGFβ pathway inhibition samples. Together with qRT-PCR verification, we identified four critical gene functional categories, including ion transporters/water channel, extracellular matrix structural constituent, extracellular matrix organization, and cell polarity establishment. Furthermore, a cross-species comparative analysis between <i>Ciona robusta</i> and <i>S. clava</i> was performed to understand the conservation and divergence of gene regulation in ascidians. Overall, our work identifies a crucial gene regulation pathway in ascidian tail regression and provides several potential downstream targets for understanding the molecular mechanism of larval metamorphosis.
ISSN:2073-4409