Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis

Background: The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) detected through different blood pressure statuses remains unclear. Hence, we systematically evaluated the association between LDL-C and HS in populations...

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Main Authors: Tao Yan, Lehui Li, Ziying Zhang, Ning Cao, Yuan Xia, Yuan Shen, Haitao Ju, Xingguang Zhang, Nan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2025-05-01
Series:Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/5/10.31083/RCM36363
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author Tao Yan
Lehui Li
Ziying Zhang
Ning Cao
Yuan Xia
Yuan Shen
Haitao Ju
Xingguang Zhang
Nan Zhang
author_facet Tao Yan
Lehui Li
Ziying Zhang
Ning Cao
Yuan Xia
Yuan Shen
Haitao Ju
Xingguang Zhang
Nan Zhang
author_sort Tao Yan
collection DOAJ
description Background: The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) detected through different blood pressure statuses remains unclear. Hence, we systematically evaluated the association between LDL-C and HS in populations with and without hypertension. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for articles written in English. Only prospective design or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between LDL-C and HS were included. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) stratified by blood pressure status and dose–response analyses with a two-stage generalized least squares for trend estimation (GLST) model. Finally, we compared the lower and optimal groups to find the effect of very low LDL-C levels on the risk of HS. Results: We included seven randomized controlled trials and 9 prospective cohort studies involving 304,763 participants with 2125 (0.70%) HS events. The non-linear trend suggested that LDL-C levels of approximately 80 mg/dL among hypertensive patients and 115 mg/dL among non-hypertensive patients had the lowest risk of HS. Meanwhile, continually lowering LDL-C levels under the optimal (80 mg/dL for hypertensive patients and 115 mg/dL for non- hypertensive patients) LDL-C level would increase the risk of HS in the hypertensive population (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36–2.50) but not in the non-hypertensive population (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.36). Conclusions: The risk of HS can be effectively reduced by controlling LDL-C levels to 60–80 mg/dL in the hypertensive population and 115 mg/dL in the non-hypertensive population. The safety range of controlling LDL-C levels to protect against HS among hypertensive patients is narrower than that among the non-hypertensive population. Additionally, controlling blood pressure might play a positive role in safeguarding against HS by lowering LDL-C levels.
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series Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
spelling doaj-art-5aafb57addec4cd19271bac4d47656182025-08-20T02:03:25ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502025-05-012653636310.31083/RCM36363S1530-6550(25)01778-8Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysisTao Yan0Lehui Li1Ziying Zhang2Ning Cao3Yuan Xia4Yuan Shen5Haitao Ju6Xingguang Zhang7Nan Zhang8School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010030 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, ChinaBackground: The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) detected through different blood pressure statuses remains unclear. Hence, we systematically evaluated the association between LDL-C and HS in populations with and without hypertension. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for articles written in English. Only prospective design or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between LDL-C and HS were included. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) stratified by blood pressure status and dose–response analyses with a two-stage generalized least squares for trend estimation (GLST) model. Finally, we compared the lower and optimal groups to find the effect of very low LDL-C levels on the risk of HS. Results: We included seven randomized controlled trials and 9 prospective cohort studies involving 304,763 participants with 2125 (0.70%) HS events. The non-linear trend suggested that LDL-C levels of approximately 80 mg/dL among hypertensive patients and 115 mg/dL among non-hypertensive patients had the lowest risk of HS. Meanwhile, continually lowering LDL-C levels under the optimal (80 mg/dL for hypertensive patients and 115 mg/dL for non- hypertensive patients) LDL-C level would increase the risk of HS in the hypertensive population (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36–2.50) but not in the non-hypertensive population (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.36). Conclusions: The risk of HS can be effectively reduced by controlling LDL-C levels to 60–80 mg/dL in the hypertensive population and 115 mg/dL in the non-hypertensive population. The safety range of controlling LDL-C levels to protect against HS among hypertensive patients is narrower than that among the non-hypertensive population. Additionally, controlling blood pressure might play a positive role in safeguarding against HS by lowering LDL-C levels.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/5/10.31083/RCM36363hemorrhagic strokeldl-chypertensionmeta-analysis
spellingShingle Tao Yan
Lehui Li
Ziying Zhang
Ning Cao
Yuan Xia
Yuan Shen
Haitao Ju
Xingguang Zhang
Nan Zhang
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
hemorrhagic stroke
ldl-c
hypertension
meta-analysis
title Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
title_full Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
title_fullStr Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
title_short Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reductions of not Less Than 60 mg/dL Prevent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hypertensive Populations: A Meta-analysis
title_sort low density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions of not less than 60 mg dl prevent hemorrhagic stroke in hypertensive populations a meta analysis
topic hemorrhagic stroke
ldl-c
hypertension
meta-analysis
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/5/10.31083/RCM36363
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