Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry

BackgroundThe majority of monogenic inborn errors of immunity presenting as actinopathies were reported originally from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries indicating a high prevalence of these entities in the region. However, their prognosis is unclear due to rarity and lack of compre...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Shahrzad Fallah, Vahide Zeinali, Samin Sharafian, Samaneh Delavari, Mehrnaz Mesdaghi, Reda Djidjik, Brahim Belaid, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Sule Haskologlu, Figen Dogu, Ferah Genel, Nesrin Gulez, Safa Baris, Ahmet Ozen, Elif Karakoc-Aydiner, Ayça Kiykim, Zeynep Meric, Necil Kutukculer, Ayse Aygun, Guzide Aksu, Neslihan Edeer Karaca, Mehmet Geyik, Sevgi Keles, Ismail Reisli, Sukru Nail Guner, Rachida Boukari, Saliha Hakem, Reda Belbouab, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Imen Ben-Mustapha, Najla Mekki, Meriem Ben-Ali, Ali Sobh, Marwa Elnagdy, Kamel Djenouhat, Azzeddine Tahiat, Hiba Mohammed Shendi, Amna Alkuwaiti, Gulnara Nasrullayeva, Tariq Alfars, Nashat Alsukaiti, Michel Massaad, Cybel Mehawej, Andre Megarbane, Carla Irani, Gehad Elghazali, Salem Al-Tamemi, Nisreen Khalifa, Raed Alzyoud, Sara Sebnem Kilic Gultekin, Hulya Kose, Hedieh Khodaverdy, Bibi Shahin Shamsian, Narges Eslami, Tooba Momen, Roya Sherkat, Soheila Aleyasin, Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Hamid Ahanchian, Fereshte Salami, Saba Fekrvand, Loïc Dupre, Hans D. Ochs, Nima Rezaei, Waleed Al-Herz, Hassan Abolhassani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Genetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1584681/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849391577393266688
author Zahra Chavoshzadeh
Shahrzad Fallah
Vahide Zeinali
Samin Sharafian
Samaneh Delavari
Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
Reda Djidjik
Brahim Belaid
Aydan Ikinciogullari
Sule Haskologlu
Figen Dogu
Ferah Genel
Nesrin Gulez
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Ayça Kiykim
Zeynep Meric
Necil Kutukculer
Ayse Aygun
Guzide Aksu
Neslihan Edeer Karaca
Mehmet Geyik
Sevgi Keles
Ismail Reisli
Sukru Nail Guner
Rachida Boukari
Saliha Hakem
Reda Belbouab
Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
Imen Ben-Mustapha
Najla Mekki
Meriem Ben-Ali
Ali Sobh
Marwa Elnagdy
Kamel Djenouhat
Azzeddine Tahiat
Hiba Mohammed Shendi
Amna Alkuwaiti
Gulnara Nasrullayeva
Tariq Alfars
Nashat Alsukaiti
Michel Massaad
Michel Massaad
Cybel Mehawej
Andre Megarbane
Andre Megarbane
Carla Irani
Gehad Elghazali
Salem Al-Tamemi
Nisreen Khalifa
Raed Alzyoud
Sara Sebnem Kilic Gultekin
Hulya Kose
Hedieh Khodaverdy
Bibi Shahin Shamsian
Narges Eslami
Tooba Momen
Roya Sherkat
Soheila Aleyasin
Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
Hamid Ahanchian
Fereshte Salami
Saba Fekrvand
Loïc Dupre
Loïc Dupre
Hans D. Ochs
Nima Rezaei
Waleed Al-Herz
Waleed Al-Herz
Hassan Abolhassani
Hassan Abolhassani
author_facet Zahra Chavoshzadeh
Shahrzad Fallah
Vahide Zeinali
Samin Sharafian
Samaneh Delavari
Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
Reda Djidjik
Brahim Belaid
Aydan Ikinciogullari
Sule Haskologlu
Figen Dogu
Ferah Genel
Nesrin Gulez
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Ayça Kiykim
Zeynep Meric
Necil Kutukculer
Ayse Aygun
Guzide Aksu
Neslihan Edeer Karaca
Mehmet Geyik
Sevgi Keles
Ismail Reisli
Sukru Nail Guner
Rachida Boukari
Saliha Hakem
Reda Belbouab
Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
Imen Ben-Mustapha
Najla Mekki
Meriem Ben-Ali
Ali Sobh
Marwa Elnagdy
Kamel Djenouhat
Azzeddine Tahiat
Hiba Mohammed Shendi
Amna Alkuwaiti
Gulnara Nasrullayeva
Tariq Alfars
Nashat Alsukaiti
Michel Massaad
Michel Massaad
Cybel Mehawej
Andre Megarbane
Andre Megarbane
Carla Irani
Gehad Elghazali
Salem Al-Tamemi
Nisreen Khalifa
Raed Alzyoud
Sara Sebnem Kilic Gultekin
Hulya Kose
Hedieh Khodaverdy
Bibi Shahin Shamsian
Narges Eslami
Tooba Momen
Roya Sherkat
Soheila Aleyasin
Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
Hamid Ahanchian
Fereshte Salami
Saba Fekrvand
Loïc Dupre
Loïc Dupre
Hans D. Ochs
Nima Rezaei
Waleed Al-Herz
Waleed Al-Herz
Hassan Abolhassani
Hassan Abolhassani
author_sort Zahra Chavoshzadeh
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe majority of monogenic inborn errors of immunity presenting as actinopathies were reported originally from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries indicating a high prevalence of these entities in the region. However, their prognosis is unclear due to rarity and lack of comprehensive treatment outcomes.MethodsWe evaluated clinical, immunological, and genetic abnormalities associated with 15 genetic entities of actinopathies. Based on the function of mutant genes in actin-regulatory pathways, patients were classified into CDC42- and RAC2-related subcategories.ResultsA total of 503 individuals (29.5% females) from 17 countries were considered with a median age of 120 months. Although most patients presented initially with allergic phenotypes (37.7%), the most prevalent manifestations throughout the lifespan were infection in respiratory tracts (72.2%). Primary clinical diagnosis was mainly combined immunodeficiencies (48.3%) and the majority of cases were molecularly assigned to the CDC42 pathway (64.8%). The most common genetic defects were reported within the DOCK8 (n = 209) followed by the WAS (n = 94) and the CARMIL2 (n = 15) genes. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was conducted on 24.0% of patients, which significantly improved survival in patients with defects in WAS, DOCK8 and DOCK2. Overall mortality was 23.0%, mainly due to sepsis and malignancy.ConclusionPatients with defects in RAC2-associated regulators of actin usually present with late-onset symptoms due to normal immune profiles, but a higher rate of EBV and HPV infections, autoimmune cytopenia, asthma, and lymphoproliferation compared to defects in the CDC42 pathway. The severity of mutations in patients of the CDC42 group helps to estimate the prognosis of the disease and prioritization of HSCT.
format Article
id doaj-art-5aade0dafc1e4580889954e502d1be8e
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-8021
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Genetics
spelling doaj-art-5aade0dafc1e4580889954e502d1be8e2025-08-20T03:41:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212025-08-011610.3389/fgene.2025.15846811584681Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registryZahra Chavoshzadeh0Shahrzad Fallah1Vahide Zeinali2Samin Sharafian3Samaneh Delavari4Mehrnaz Mesdaghi5Reda Djidjik6Brahim Belaid7Aydan Ikinciogullari8Sule Haskologlu9Figen Dogu10Ferah Genel11Nesrin Gulez12Safa Baris13Safa Baris14Safa Baris15Ahmet Ozen16Ahmet Ozen17Ahmet Ozen18Elif Karakoc-Aydiner19Elif Karakoc-Aydiner20Elif Karakoc-Aydiner21Ayça Kiykim22Zeynep Meric23Necil Kutukculer24Ayse Aygun25Guzide Aksu26Neslihan Edeer Karaca27Mehmet Geyik28Sevgi Keles29Ismail Reisli30Sukru Nail Guner31Rachida Boukari32Saliha Hakem33Reda Belbouab34Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche35Imen Ben-Mustapha36Najla Mekki37Meriem Ben-Ali38Ali Sobh39Marwa Elnagdy40Kamel Djenouhat41Azzeddine Tahiat42Hiba Mohammed Shendi43Amna Alkuwaiti44Gulnara Nasrullayeva45Tariq Alfars46Nashat Alsukaiti47Michel Massaad48Michel Massaad49Cybel Mehawej50Andre Megarbane51Andre Megarbane52Carla Irani53Gehad Elghazali54Salem Al-Tamemi55Nisreen Khalifa56Raed Alzyoud57Sara Sebnem Kilic Gultekin58Hulya Kose59Hedieh Khodaverdy60Bibi Shahin Shamsian61Narges Eslami62Tooba Momen63Roya Sherkat64Soheila Aleyasin65Hossein Esmaeilzadeh66Hamid Ahanchian67Fereshte Salami68Saba Fekrvand69Loïc Dupre70Loïc Dupre71Hans D. Ochs72Nima Rezaei73Waleed Al-Herz74Waleed Al-Herz75Hassan Abolhassani76Hassan Abolhassani77Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranResearch Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Algiers, AlgeriaDepartment of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Algiers, AlgeriaDepartment of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital, Izmir, TürkiyeDepartment of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital, Izmir, TürkiyeDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeThe Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeIstanbul Jeffrey Modell Foundation Diagnostic Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Istanbul, TürkiyeDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeThe Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeIstanbul Jeffrey Modell Foundation Diagnostic Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Istanbul, TürkiyeDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeThe Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyeIstanbul Jeffrey Modell Foundation Diagnostic Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Istanbul, Türkiye0Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye0Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye2Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye2Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye2Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye3Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Mustapha Pacha, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria3Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Mustapha Pacha, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria3Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Mustapha Pacha, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria4Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain5Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia5Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia5Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia6Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt7Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt8Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, Rouiba Hospital, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria8Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, Rouiba Hospital, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria9Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates9Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates0Department Immunology Research Laboratory, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan1Department of Immunology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, PureLab, PureHealth, and Faculty of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates1Department of Immunology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, PureLab, PureHealth, and Faculty of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates2Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon3Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon4Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon4Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon5Institut Jerome Lejeune, Paris, France6Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon1Department of Immunology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, PureLab, PureHealth, and Faculty of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates7Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman8NBK Children’s Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait9Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Queen Rania Children’s Hospital, Amman, Jordan0Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye0Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2Department of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute of Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran3Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran4Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran4Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran5Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran6Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), NSERM, CNRS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France7Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria8Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran9Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait0Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, KuwaitResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenBackgroundThe majority of monogenic inborn errors of immunity presenting as actinopathies were reported originally from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries indicating a high prevalence of these entities in the region. However, their prognosis is unclear due to rarity and lack of comprehensive treatment outcomes.MethodsWe evaluated clinical, immunological, and genetic abnormalities associated with 15 genetic entities of actinopathies. Based on the function of mutant genes in actin-regulatory pathways, patients were classified into CDC42- and RAC2-related subcategories.ResultsA total of 503 individuals (29.5% females) from 17 countries were considered with a median age of 120 months. Although most patients presented initially with allergic phenotypes (37.7%), the most prevalent manifestations throughout the lifespan were infection in respiratory tracts (72.2%). Primary clinical diagnosis was mainly combined immunodeficiencies (48.3%) and the majority of cases were molecularly assigned to the CDC42 pathway (64.8%). The most common genetic defects were reported within the DOCK8 (n = 209) followed by the WAS (n = 94) and the CARMIL2 (n = 15) genes. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was conducted on 24.0% of patients, which significantly improved survival in patients with defects in WAS, DOCK8 and DOCK2. Overall mortality was 23.0%, mainly due to sepsis and malignancy.ConclusionPatients with defects in RAC2-associated regulators of actin usually present with late-onset symptoms due to normal immune profiles, but a higher rate of EBV and HPV infections, autoimmune cytopenia, asthma, and lymphoproliferation compared to defects in the CDC42 pathway. The severity of mutations in patients of the CDC42 group helps to estimate the prognosis of the disease and prioritization of HSCT.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1584681/fullactinopathiesthrombocytopeniaeosinophiliainborn errors of immunityprimary immunodeficiencygenetic
spellingShingle Zahra Chavoshzadeh
Shahrzad Fallah
Vahide Zeinali
Samin Sharafian
Samaneh Delavari
Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
Reda Djidjik
Brahim Belaid
Aydan Ikinciogullari
Sule Haskologlu
Figen Dogu
Ferah Genel
Nesrin Gulez
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Safa Baris
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Ahmet Ozen
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
Ayça Kiykim
Zeynep Meric
Necil Kutukculer
Ayse Aygun
Guzide Aksu
Neslihan Edeer Karaca
Mehmet Geyik
Sevgi Keles
Ismail Reisli
Sukru Nail Guner
Rachida Boukari
Saliha Hakem
Reda Belbouab
Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
Imen Ben-Mustapha
Najla Mekki
Meriem Ben-Ali
Ali Sobh
Marwa Elnagdy
Kamel Djenouhat
Azzeddine Tahiat
Hiba Mohammed Shendi
Amna Alkuwaiti
Gulnara Nasrullayeva
Tariq Alfars
Nashat Alsukaiti
Michel Massaad
Michel Massaad
Cybel Mehawej
Andre Megarbane
Andre Megarbane
Carla Irani
Gehad Elghazali
Salem Al-Tamemi
Nisreen Khalifa
Raed Alzyoud
Sara Sebnem Kilic Gultekin
Hulya Kose
Hedieh Khodaverdy
Bibi Shahin Shamsian
Narges Eslami
Tooba Momen
Roya Sherkat
Soheila Aleyasin
Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
Hamid Ahanchian
Fereshte Salami
Saba Fekrvand
Loïc Dupre
Loïc Dupre
Hans D. Ochs
Nima Rezaei
Waleed Al-Herz
Waleed Al-Herz
Hassan Abolhassani
Hassan Abolhassani
Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
Frontiers in Genetics
actinopathies
thrombocytopenia
eosinophilia
inborn errors of immunity
primary immunodeficiency
genetic
title Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
title_full Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
title_fullStr Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
title_short Clinical and molecular findings in actin-related inborn errors of immunity: the middle East and North Africa registry
title_sort clinical and molecular findings in actin related inborn errors of immunity the middle east and north africa registry
topic actinopathies
thrombocytopenia
eosinophilia
inborn errors of immunity
primary immunodeficiency
genetic
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1584681/full
work_keys_str_mv AT zahrachavoshzadeh clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT shahrzadfallah clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT vahidezeinali clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT saminsharafian clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT samanehdelavari clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT mehrnazmesdaghi clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT redadjidjik clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT brahimbelaid clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT aydanikinciogullari clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT sulehaskologlu clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT figendogu clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ferahgenel clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT nesringulez clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT safabaris clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT safabaris clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT safabaris clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ahmetozen clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ahmetozen clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ahmetozen clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT elifkarakocaydiner clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT elifkarakocaydiner clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT elifkarakocaydiner clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT aycakiykim clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT zeynepmeric clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT necilkutukculer clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ayseaygun clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT guzideaksu clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT neslihanedeerkaraca clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT mehmetgeyik clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT sevgikeles clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT ismailreisli clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT sukrunailguner clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT rachidaboukari clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT salihahakem clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT redabelbouab clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT mohamedridhabarbouche clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT imenbenmustapha clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT najlamekki clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT meriembenali clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT alisobh clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT marwaelnagdy clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT kameldjenouhat clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT azzeddinetahiat clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hibamohammedshendi clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT amnaalkuwaiti clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT gulnaranasrullayeva clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT tariqalfars clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT nashatalsukaiti clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT michelmassaad clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT michelmassaad clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT cybelmehawej clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT andremegarbane clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT andremegarbane clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT carlairani clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT gehadelghazali clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT salemaltamemi clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT nisreenkhalifa clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT raedalzyoud clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT sarasebnemkilicgultekin clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hulyakose clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hediehkhodaverdy clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT bibishahinshamsian clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT nargeseslami clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT toobamomen clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT royasherkat clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT soheilaaleyasin clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hosseinesmaeilzadeh clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hamidahanchian clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT fereshtesalami clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT sabafekrvand clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT loicdupre clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT loicdupre clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hansdochs clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT nimarezaei clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT waleedalherz clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT waleedalherz clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hassanabolhassani clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry
AT hassanabolhassani clinicalandmolecularfindingsinactinrelatedinbornerrorsofimmunitythemiddleeastandnorthafricaregistry