Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System

This study centers on the adsorption–flotation coupling extraction of rubidium (Rb<sup>+</sup>) and cesium (Cs<sup>+</sup>) within a titanium silicate (CTS)–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system, systematically investigating the impacts of pH, aeration rate, CTAB conce...

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Main Authors: Dezhen Fang, Haining Liu, Xiushen Ye, Yanping Wang, Wenjie Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Separations
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/7/181
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author Dezhen Fang
Haining Liu
Xiushen Ye
Yanping Wang
Wenjie Han
author_facet Dezhen Fang
Haining Liu
Xiushen Ye
Yanping Wang
Wenjie Han
author_sort Dezhen Fang
collection DOAJ
description This study centers on the adsorption–flotation coupling extraction of rubidium (Rb<sup>+</sup>) and cesium (Cs<sup>+</sup>) within a titanium silicate (CTS)–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system, systematically investigating the impacts of pH, aeration rate, CTAB concentration, and flotation time on the extraction efficiency of these elements. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimal flotation efficiency was achieved when the pH ranged from 6 to 10, the aeration rate was set at 1000 r/min, the CTAB concentration was 0.2 mmol/L, and the flotation duration was 18 min. Under these conditions, the adsorption capacities for Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> were recorded as 128.32 mg/g and 185.47 mg/g, respectively. Employing the response surface optimization method to analyze the interactive effects of these four factors, we found that their order of significance was as follows: pH > aeration rate > CTAB concentration > flotation time. The optimized parameters were determined as pH 8.64, bubble formation rate 1121 r/min, CTAB concentration 0.26 mmol/L, and flotation time 18.47 min. Under these refined conditions, the flotation efficiency for both CTS–Rb and CTS–Cs surpassed any single-factor experiment scenario, with the flotation efficiencies for Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> reaching 95.05% and 94.82%, respectively. This methodology effectively extracts Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> from low-concentration liquid systems, while addressing the challenges of solid–liquid separation for powdered adsorption materials. It holds significant theoretical and practical reference value for enhancing the separation processes of low-grade valuable components and boosting overall separation performance.
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spelling doaj-art-5aa5afb347fc48f88bb21f1ef6b5e9bb2025-08-20T03:32:16ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-07-0112718110.3390/separations12070181Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide SystemDezhen Fang0Haining Liu1Xiushen Ye2Yanping Wang3Wenjie Han4School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, ChinaKey Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, ChinaThis study centers on the adsorption–flotation coupling extraction of rubidium (Rb<sup>+</sup>) and cesium (Cs<sup>+</sup>) within a titanium silicate (CTS)–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system, systematically investigating the impacts of pH, aeration rate, CTAB concentration, and flotation time on the extraction efficiency of these elements. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimal flotation efficiency was achieved when the pH ranged from 6 to 10, the aeration rate was set at 1000 r/min, the CTAB concentration was 0.2 mmol/L, and the flotation duration was 18 min. Under these conditions, the adsorption capacities for Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> were recorded as 128.32 mg/g and 185.47 mg/g, respectively. Employing the response surface optimization method to analyze the interactive effects of these four factors, we found that their order of significance was as follows: pH > aeration rate > CTAB concentration > flotation time. The optimized parameters were determined as pH 8.64, bubble formation rate 1121 r/min, CTAB concentration 0.26 mmol/L, and flotation time 18.47 min. Under these refined conditions, the flotation efficiency for both CTS–Rb and CTS–Cs surpassed any single-factor experiment scenario, with the flotation efficiencies for Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> reaching 95.05% and 94.82%, respectively. This methodology effectively extracts Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> from low-concentration liquid systems, while addressing the challenges of solid–liquid separation for powdered adsorption materials. It holds significant theoretical and practical reference value for enhancing the separation processes of low-grade valuable components and boosting overall separation performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/7/181titanosilicateadsorption–flotationrubidium and cesiumresponse surface methodology
spellingShingle Dezhen Fang
Haining Liu
Xiushen Ye
Yanping Wang
Wenjie Han
Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
Separations
titanosilicate
adsorption–flotation
rubidium and cesium
response surface methodology
title Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
title_full Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
title_fullStr Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
title_full_unstemmed Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
title_short Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium Ions by Adsorption–Flotation Separation in Titanosilicate-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
title_sort extraction of rubidium and cesium ions by adsorption flotation separation in titanosilicate hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide system
topic titanosilicate
adsorption–flotation
rubidium and cesium
response surface methodology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/7/181
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