Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp
This study systematically investigated the effects of dietary tea polyphenols (TPs, major bioactive polyphenols from <i>Camellia sinensis</i> with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) on the growth performance and intestinal health of hybrid crucian carp HCC2 under chroni...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Zhe Yang Gege Sun Jinsheng Tao Weirong Tang Wenpei Li Zehong Wei Qifang Yu |
| author_facet | Zhe Yang Gege Sun Jinsheng Tao Weirong Tang Wenpei Li Zehong Wei Qifang Yu |
| author_sort | Zhe Yang |
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| description | This study systematically investigated the effects of dietary tea polyphenols (TPs, major bioactive polyphenols from <i>Camellia sinensis</i> with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) on the growth performance and intestinal health of hybrid crucian carp HCC2 under chronic crowding stress. A low-density control group (44.4 fish/m<sup>3</sup>, basal diet without TPs) and four high-density crowding stress groups (222.2 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) were established, one fed the basal diet without TPs (CS) and three fed basal diets supplemented with 100 (CSLTP), 200 (CSMTP), or 400 (CSHTP) mg/kg TPs. We analyzed the impacts of TPs on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, and intestinal microbiota composition. The results demonstrated that chronic crowding stress significantly suppressed the final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of HCC2, while increasing serum lactate LDH, TG, and ALB and decreasing GLU, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and ALP levels. Dietary TPs supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH) and alleviated lipid metabolic disorders by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 and PPARα signaling pathways, thereby upregulating the expression of liver antioxidant genes (<i>CAT</i> and <i>SOD</i>) and fatty acid oxidation genes (<i>CPT1</i> and <i>acox1</i>). Furthermore, intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that chronic crowding stress significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased the proportion of <i>Firmicutes</i> compared to the low-density control. Dietary TPs intervention, particularly at higher doses, partially restored the <i>Firmicutes</i> abundance and reduced the enrichment of potential pathogenic bacteria associated with stress. This study is the first to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism by which TPs alleviate crowding stress through enhanced antioxidant capacity, metabolic regulation, and microbiota remodeling, providing robust theoretical support for the application of plant-based additives in aquaculture. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-5aa425bd3ffa490994d2a10cfecb22e92025-08-20T03:50:16ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011513198310.3390/ani15131983Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian CarpZhe Yang0Gege Sun1Jinsheng Tao2Weirong Tang3Wenpei Li4Zehong Wei5Qifang Yu6State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaThis study systematically investigated the effects of dietary tea polyphenols (TPs, major bioactive polyphenols from <i>Camellia sinensis</i> with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) on the growth performance and intestinal health of hybrid crucian carp HCC2 under chronic crowding stress. A low-density control group (44.4 fish/m<sup>3</sup>, basal diet without TPs) and four high-density crowding stress groups (222.2 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) were established, one fed the basal diet without TPs (CS) and three fed basal diets supplemented with 100 (CSLTP), 200 (CSMTP), or 400 (CSHTP) mg/kg TPs. We analyzed the impacts of TPs on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, and intestinal microbiota composition. The results demonstrated that chronic crowding stress significantly suppressed the final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of HCC2, while increasing serum lactate LDH, TG, and ALB and decreasing GLU, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and ALP levels. Dietary TPs supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH) and alleviated lipid metabolic disorders by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 and PPARα signaling pathways, thereby upregulating the expression of liver antioxidant genes (<i>CAT</i> and <i>SOD</i>) and fatty acid oxidation genes (<i>CPT1</i> and <i>acox1</i>). Furthermore, intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that chronic crowding stress significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased the proportion of <i>Firmicutes</i> compared to the low-density control. Dietary TPs intervention, particularly at higher doses, partially restored the <i>Firmicutes</i> abundance and reduced the enrichment of potential pathogenic bacteria associated with stress. This study is the first to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism by which TPs alleviate crowding stress through enhanced antioxidant capacity, metabolic regulation, and microbiota remodeling, providing robust theoretical support for the application of plant-based additives in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1983tea polyphenolscrucian carpcrowding stressstocking densitylipid metabolismintestinal microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Zhe Yang Gege Sun Jinsheng Tao Weirong Tang Wenpei Li Zehong Wei Qifang Yu Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp Animals tea polyphenols crucian carp crowding stress stocking density lipid metabolism intestinal microbiota |
| title | Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp |
| title_full | Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp |
| title_short | Dietary Tea Polyphenols Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Under Chronic Crowding Stress in Hybrid Crucian Carp |
| title_sort | dietary tea polyphenols improve growth performance and intestinal microbiota under chronic crowding stress in hybrid crucian carp |
| topic | tea polyphenols crucian carp crowding stress stocking density lipid metabolism intestinal microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1983 |
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