Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content
The microstructure of casting polyurethane (CPU) affects its performance under high dynamic loads, which is critical for developing high-performance materials. Herein, NDI-based casting polyurethane materials with varying hard segment contents (20%, 30%, 40%) were synthesized, and their behaviors un...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425003886 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850077253764907008 |
|---|---|
| author | Guangzhi Jin Peng Li Yuzhen Gong Yu Wang Runguo Wang Fanzhu Li Yonglai Lu |
| author_facet | Guangzhi Jin Peng Li Yuzhen Gong Yu Wang Runguo Wang Fanzhu Li Yonglai Lu |
| author_sort | Guangzhi Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microstructure of casting polyurethane (CPU) affects its performance under high dynamic loads, which is critical for developing high-performance materials. Herein, NDI-based casting polyurethane materials with varying hard segment contents (20%, 30%, 40%) were synthesized, and their behaviors under tensile fatigue (a strain amplitude of 100%, a frequency of 10 Hz, and up to 50,000 cycles) was investigated. As the number of fatigue cycles increased, the applied load required to achieve the same strain decreased, primarily due to stress softening and plastic deformation in the CPU. Microstructural analysis revealed a reduction in hydrogen bonding degree, leading to a decrease in structural regularity and an increase in defects. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed that the hard segments gradually integrated into the soft segment matrix, which reduced the content of high- and medium-modulus phase regions and correspondingly increased the low-modulus phase region. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly suggested the destruction process of the spherulites, in which the crystallization structure deteriorated more significantly after fewer cycles in CPUs with higher hard segment content. The crystallinity, long period, and transition layer thickness of the CPUs demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing fatigue cycles. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of CPUs under dynamic loading, laying a theoretical foundation for designing durable, and fatigue-resistant materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5aa183f03cc847b4b4feafd53b81daa6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5aa183f03cc847b4b4feafd53b81daa62025-08-20T02:45:50ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-01355577559010.1016/j.jmrt.2025.02.141Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment contentGuangzhi Jin0Peng Li1Yuzhen Gong2Yu Wang3Runguo Wang4Fanzhu Li5Yonglai Lu6State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.The microstructure of casting polyurethane (CPU) affects its performance under high dynamic loads, which is critical for developing high-performance materials. Herein, NDI-based casting polyurethane materials with varying hard segment contents (20%, 30%, 40%) were synthesized, and their behaviors under tensile fatigue (a strain amplitude of 100%, a frequency of 10 Hz, and up to 50,000 cycles) was investigated. As the number of fatigue cycles increased, the applied load required to achieve the same strain decreased, primarily due to stress softening and plastic deformation in the CPU. Microstructural analysis revealed a reduction in hydrogen bonding degree, leading to a decrease in structural regularity and an increase in defects. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed that the hard segments gradually integrated into the soft segment matrix, which reduced the content of high- and medium-modulus phase regions and correspondingly increased the low-modulus phase region. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly suggested the destruction process of the spherulites, in which the crystallization structure deteriorated more significantly after fewer cycles in CPUs with higher hard segment content. The crystallinity, long period, and transition layer thickness of the CPUs demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing fatigue cycles. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of CPUs under dynamic loading, laying a theoretical foundation for designing durable, and fatigue-resistant materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425003886Casting polyurethaneHard segment contentTensile fatigueHierarchical microstructureDynamic loading |
| spellingShingle | Guangzhi Jin Peng Li Yuzhen Gong Yu Wang Runguo Wang Fanzhu Li Yonglai Lu Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content Journal of Materials Research and Technology Casting polyurethane Hard segment content Tensile fatigue Hierarchical microstructure Dynamic loading |
| title | Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content |
| title_full | Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content |
| title_short | Microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of NDI-based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads: A focus on hard segment content |
| title_sort | microstructural transformations and fatigue behavior of ndi based polyurethane in response to extreme dynamic loads a focus on hard segment content |
| topic | Casting polyurethane Hard segment content Tensile fatigue Hierarchical microstructure Dynamic loading |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425003886 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guangzhijin microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT pengli microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT yuzhengong microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT yuwang microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT runguowang microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT fanzhuli microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent AT yonglailu microstructuraltransformationsandfatiguebehaviorofndibasedpolyurethaneinresponsetoextremedynamicloadsafocusonhardsegmentcontent |