Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone

A 10-year-old boy with newly diagnosed metastatic medulloblastoma was placed on high dose dexamethasone and ranitidine prior to surgery. The child underwent subtotal resection and was discharged 5 days postoperatively with an uneventful hospital course on a tapering dose of dexamethasone and ranitid...

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Main Authors: Victor Wong, Nathalie Lefloch, John R. Crawford
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Pediatrics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/478326
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author Victor Wong
Nathalie Lefloch
John R. Crawford
author_facet Victor Wong
Nathalie Lefloch
John R. Crawford
author_sort Victor Wong
collection DOAJ
description A 10-year-old boy with newly diagnosed metastatic medulloblastoma was placed on high dose dexamethasone and ranitidine prior to surgery. The child underwent subtotal resection and was discharged 5 days postoperatively with an uneventful hospital course on a tapering dose of dexamethasone and ranitidine. Over the next 2 days the patient complained of mild abdominal distension with flatulence, without pain, vomiting, or dysmotility. On follow-up in clinic 5 days after discharge, he had normal vital signs when he suddenly became pale and had loss of consciousness. Emergent computerized tomography of the head showed no acute hemorrhage and complete blood count revealed hemoglobin of 4.2 gm/dL. In spite of maximum resuscitation with copious blood products the patient died. Autopsy revealed evidence of duodenal perforation with intraluminal hemorrhage. This case demonstrates a rare fatal complication of high dose dexamethasone therapy even with concurrent gastrointestinal prophylactic therapy. We provide a review of the limited literature on steroid use in pediatric neurooncology with regard to gastrointestinal bleeding.
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spelling doaj-art-5aa04c8cf2f148b19ad4a0154db340b02025-08-20T02:05:29ZengWileyCase Reports in Pediatrics2090-68032090-68112014-01-01201410.1155/2014/478326478326Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose DexamethasoneVictor Wong0Nathalie Lefloch1John R. Crawford2Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way MC5009, San Diego, CA 92123, USADivision of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way MC5009, San Diego, CA 92123, USADivision of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way MC5009, San Diego, CA 92123, USAA 10-year-old boy with newly diagnosed metastatic medulloblastoma was placed on high dose dexamethasone and ranitidine prior to surgery. The child underwent subtotal resection and was discharged 5 days postoperatively with an uneventful hospital course on a tapering dose of dexamethasone and ranitidine. Over the next 2 days the patient complained of mild abdominal distension with flatulence, without pain, vomiting, or dysmotility. On follow-up in clinic 5 days after discharge, he had normal vital signs when he suddenly became pale and had loss of consciousness. Emergent computerized tomography of the head showed no acute hemorrhage and complete blood count revealed hemoglobin of 4.2 gm/dL. In spite of maximum resuscitation with copious blood products the patient died. Autopsy revealed evidence of duodenal perforation with intraluminal hemorrhage. This case demonstrates a rare fatal complication of high dose dexamethasone therapy even with concurrent gastrointestinal prophylactic therapy. We provide a review of the limited literature on steroid use in pediatric neurooncology with regard to gastrointestinal bleeding.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/478326
spellingShingle Victor Wong
Nathalie Lefloch
John R. Crawford
Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
Case Reports in Pediatrics
title Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
title_full Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
title_fullStr Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
title_full_unstemmed Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
title_short Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Young Boy with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Medulloblastoma on High Dose Dexamethasone
title_sort fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a young boy with newly diagnosed metastatic medulloblastoma on high dose dexamethasone
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/478326
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