Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning

During the transmission of vortex beams in free-space optical communication channels, atmospheric turbulence causes wavefront phase disturbances, making identifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes more difficult. Additionally, the model requires extensive training datasets, which significantly...

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Main Authors: Tianyu Du, Jun Ou, Hao Chi, Bo Yang, Shuna Yang, Yanrong Zhai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10933501/
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author Tianyu Du
Jun Ou
Hao Chi
Bo Yang
Shuna Yang
Yanrong Zhai
author_facet Tianyu Du
Jun Ou
Hao Chi
Bo Yang
Shuna Yang
Yanrong Zhai
author_sort Tianyu Du
collection DOAJ
description During the transmission of vortex beams in free-space optical communication channels, atmospheric turbulence causes wavefront phase disturbances, making identifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes more difficult. Additionally, the model requires extensive training datasets, which significantly prolongs the training time. In this paper, a method combining transfer learning with an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to identify the OAM modes of distorted vortex beams. Compared to methods without transfer learning, this approach maintains higher accuracy while significantly reducing the training time and computational resources required. Furthermore, the impact of the model on OAM modes recognition accuracy is analyzed under varying atmospheric turbulence intensities and propagation distances, with comparisons made against traditional CNN models and the CNN models of other literature. To verify the recognition performance of the proposed model under adverse weather conditions, the impact of varying rainfall intensity and fog concentration on recognition accuracy was analyzed. In addition, the generalization ability of the model is evaluated after training on both single and mixed datasets. The results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method surpasses that of the traditional CNN models and the CNN models of other literature, achieving a 95.6% accuracy after 3 km of propagation under strong turbulence. Under strong turbulence, heavy rainfall, and heavy fog, the recognition accuracy at 1 km is 89.4% and 88.7%, respectively. Additionally, the model trained on the mixed dataset achieves a recognition accuracy of 97.08%, indicating robust generalization capability. The method proposed in this paper achieves high recognition accuracy while effectively reducing computational resources and training time, which is of great significance to the research on OAM modes recognition.
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spelling doaj-art-5a9bafa1893949ac8cccfb3ca17d64632025-08-20T02:16:39ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552025-01-0117211010.1109/JPHOT.2025.354738210933501Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer LearningTianyu Du0Jun Ou1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1588-9507Hao Chi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-2794Bo Yang3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-3454Shuna Yang4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-4956Yanrong Zhai5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-8653School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaDuring the transmission of vortex beams in free-space optical communication channels, atmospheric turbulence causes wavefront phase disturbances, making identifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes more difficult. Additionally, the model requires extensive training datasets, which significantly prolongs the training time. In this paper, a method combining transfer learning with an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to identify the OAM modes of distorted vortex beams. Compared to methods without transfer learning, this approach maintains higher accuracy while significantly reducing the training time and computational resources required. Furthermore, the impact of the model on OAM modes recognition accuracy is analyzed under varying atmospheric turbulence intensities and propagation distances, with comparisons made against traditional CNN models and the CNN models of other literature. To verify the recognition performance of the proposed model under adverse weather conditions, the impact of varying rainfall intensity and fog concentration on recognition accuracy was analyzed. In addition, the generalization ability of the model is evaluated after training on both single and mixed datasets. The results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method surpasses that of the traditional CNN models and the CNN models of other literature, achieving a 95.6% accuracy after 3 km of propagation under strong turbulence. Under strong turbulence, heavy rainfall, and heavy fog, the recognition accuracy at 1 km is 89.4% and 88.7%, respectively. Additionally, the model trained on the mixed dataset achieves a recognition accuracy of 97.08%, indicating robust generalization capability. The method proposed in this paper achieves high recognition accuracy while effectively reducing computational resources and training time, which is of great significance to the research on OAM modes recognition.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10933501/Transfer learningconvolutional neural networkorbital angular momentumatmospheric turbulence
spellingShingle Tianyu Du
Jun Ou
Hao Chi
Bo Yang
Shuna Yang
Yanrong Zhai
Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
IEEE Photonics Journal
Transfer learning
convolutional neural network
orbital angular momentum
atmospheric turbulence
title Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
title_full Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
title_fullStr Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
title_full_unstemmed Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
title_short Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Recognition Method Based on Transfer Learning
title_sort orbital angular momentum modes recognition method based on transfer learning
topic Transfer learning
convolutional neural network
orbital angular momentum
atmospheric turbulence
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10933501/
work_keys_str_mv AT tianyudu orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning
AT junou orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning
AT haochi orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning
AT boyang orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning
AT shunayang orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning
AT yanrongzhai orbitalangularmomentummodesrecognitionmethodbasedontransferlearning