Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Auxin plays a versatile role in regulating plant growth and development. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins dictate the distribution and maximum of auxin within various tissues. Despite extensive research on OsPINs in recent years, their functions in abiotic stress resistance, partic...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyu Fu, Guo Chen, Xinya Ruan, Guozhang Kang, Dianyun Hou, Huawei Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1026
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author Xiaoyu Fu
Guo Chen
Xinya Ruan
Guozhang Kang
Dianyun Hou
Huawei Xu
author_facet Xiaoyu Fu
Guo Chen
Xinya Ruan
Guozhang Kang
Dianyun Hou
Huawei Xu
author_sort Xiaoyu Fu
collection DOAJ
description Auxin plays a versatile role in regulating plant growth and development. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins dictate the distribution and maximum of auxin within various tissues. Despite extensive research on OsPINs in recent years, their functions in abiotic stress resistance, particularly cold tolerance, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of <i>OsPIN5b</i> in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) growth and development, as well as its contribution to cold tolerance using overexpression technology. Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> (OE) resulted in reduced shoot height and a lower number of adventitious roots at the seedling stage. Transgenic rice plants exhibited an earlier heading date, stunted growth, and compromised agronomic traits, including shortened panicle length, decreased grain number per panicle, reduced seed size, and lower seed setting rate during the reproductive stage. Auxin content in the transgenic lines was significantly elevated, as indicated by the upregulation of the auxin-responsive gene <i>OsIAA20</i> and increased auxin levels quantified using a newly developed method. Compared with wild-type plants, the cold tolerance of OE plants was markedly reduced, as evidenced by lower survival rates, higher levels of electrolyte leakage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) production following cold treatment. In line with this, the transgenic lines produced less soluble sugar and proline, while accumulating more hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide anion radicals (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) after cold treatment. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were notably decreased upon cold treatment compared with those in WT plants. Additionally, <i>OsRBOHH</i>, which plays a role in ROS production, was significantly upregulated in transgenic lines both before and after chilling stress, suggesting that <i>OsRBOHH</i> plays a potential role in regulating ROS production. Collectively, overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> substantially disturbs auxin homeostasis, resulting in impaired plant architecture and agronomic traits. More importantly, the upregulation of <i>OsPIN5b</i> compromises rice cold tolerance by perturbing ROS homeostasis and adversely influencing the accumulation of soluble sugar and proline.
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spelling doaj-art-5a7d1ffe721f4beabccf577645d66b162025-08-20T03:03:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-01147102610.3390/plants14071026Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)Xiaoyu Fu0Guo Chen1Xinya Ruan2Guozhang Kang3Dianyun Hou4Huawei Xu5College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, ChinaAuxin plays a versatile role in regulating plant growth and development. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins dictate the distribution and maximum of auxin within various tissues. Despite extensive research on OsPINs in recent years, their functions in abiotic stress resistance, particularly cold tolerance, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of <i>OsPIN5b</i> in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) growth and development, as well as its contribution to cold tolerance using overexpression technology. Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> (OE) resulted in reduced shoot height and a lower number of adventitious roots at the seedling stage. Transgenic rice plants exhibited an earlier heading date, stunted growth, and compromised agronomic traits, including shortened panicle length, decreased grain number per panicle, reduced seed size, and lower seed setting rate during the reproductive stage. Auxin content in the transgenic lines was significantly elevated, as indicated by the upregulation of the auxin-responsive gene <i>OsIAA20</i> and increased auxin levels quantified using a newly developed method. Compared with wild-type plants, the cold tolerance of OE plants was markedly reduced, as evidenced by lower survival rates, higher levels of electrolyte leakage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) production following cold treatment. In line with this, the transgenic lines produced less soluble sugar and proline, while accumulating more hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide anion radicals (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) after cold treatment. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were notably decreased upon cold treatment compared with those in WT plants. Additionally, <i>OsRBOHH</i>, which plays a role in ROS production, was significantly upregulated in transgenic lines both before and after chilling stress, suggesting that <i>OsRBOHH</i> plays a potential role in regulating ROS production. Collectively, overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> substantially disturbs auxin homeostasis, resulting in impaired plant architecture and agronomic traits. More importantly, the upregulation of <i>OsPIN5b</i> compromises rice cold tolerance by perturbing ROS homeostasis and adversely influencing the accumulation of soluble sugar and proline.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1026<i>OsPIN5b</i>polar auxin transportcold toleranceROS homeostasisrice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
spellingShingle Xiaoyu Fu
Guo Chen
Xinya Ruan
Guozhang Kang
Dianyun Hou
Huawei Xu
Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
Plants
<i>OsPIN5b</i>
polar auxin transport
cold tolerance
ROS homeostasis
rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title_full Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title_fullStr Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title_full_unstemmed Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title_short Overexpression of <i>OsPIN5b</i> Alters Plant Architecture and Impairs Cold Tolerance in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
title_sort overexpression of i ospin5b i alters plant architecture and impairs cold tolerance in rice i oryza sativa i l
topic <i>OsPIN5b</i>
polar auxin transport
cold tolerance
ROS homeostasis
rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1026
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