Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), characterized by alterations in both the type and quantity of bacteria in the small intestine, leads to impaired intestinal digestion and absorption that can cause a range of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have identified significant changes in the co...

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Main Authors: Ziteng Wang, Wentao Tan, Jiali Huang, Qian Li, Jing Wang, Hui Su, Chunmei Guo, Hong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1502151/full
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author Ziteng Wang
Ziteng Wang
Wentao Tan
Jiali Huang
Qian Li
Jing Wang
Hui Su
Chunmei Guo
Hong Liu
author_facet Ziteng Wang
Ziteng Wang
Wentao Tan
Jiali Huang
Qian Li
Jing Wang
Hui Su
Chunmei Guo
Hong Liu
author_sort Ziteng Wang
collection DOAJ
description Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), characterized by alterations in both the type and quantity of bacteria in the small intestine, leads to impaired intestinal digestion and absorption that can cause a range of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have identified significant changes in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study systematically reviewed and synthesized the available data to explore the association between SIBO and MASLD. Comprehensive literature searches of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were conducted. Article quality screening was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies were included. A total of 7,200 articles were initially screened, of which 14 were ultimately included for analysis. Individuals with SIBO in both the MASLD and non-MASLD groups were extracted and a chi-square test was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The I2 index was used to measure heterogeneity. For heterogeneity >50%, a random effects model was used. There was a clear association between SIBO and MASLD (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 2.09–4.59, I2 = 66%, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses by MASLD stage showed that the probability of SIBO positivity increased with MASLD lesion severity. After stratifying by the diagnostic methods for SIBO and MASLD, the meta-analysis results suggest a reduction in inter-group heterogeneity. For the MASLD subgroup diagnosed via liver biopsy, the OR was 4.89. A subgroup analysis of four studies that included intestinal permeability testing revealed an OR of 3.86 (95% CI: 1.80–8.28, I2 = 9%, p = 0.0005). A meta-regression analyses revealed that both race and regional development level significantly influenced the relationship between SIBO and MASLD (p = 0.010, p = 0.047). In conclusion, this meta-analyses provides strong evidence that SIBO may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. The strongest associations were observed between lactulose breath testing, gut microbiota culture, liver biopsy diagnosis of MASLD, and SIBO detected through intestinal permeability testing. The primary sources of heterogeneity are race and developed regions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=427040.
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spelling doaj-art-5a5d10faacb6498b84b16be08825e2f12025-08-20T02:49:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2024-12-011110.3389/fnut.2024.15021511502151Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseZiteng Wang0Ziteng Wang1Wentao Tan2Jiali Huang3Qian Li4Jing Wang5Hui Su6Chunmei Guo7Hong Liu8Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), characterized by alterations in both the type and quantity of bacteria in the small intestine, leads to impaired intestinal digestion and absorption that can cause a range of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have identified significant changes in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study systematically reviewed and synthesized the available data to explore the association between SIBO and MASLD. Comprehensive literature searches of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were conducted. Article quality screening was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies were included. A total of 7,200 articles were initially screened, of which 14 were ultimately included for analysis. Individuals with SIBO in both the MASLD and non-MASLD groups were extracted and a chi-square test was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The I2 index was used to measure heterogeneity. For heterogeneity >50%, a random effects model was used. There was a clear association between SIBO and MASLD (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 2.09–4.59, I2 = 66%, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses by MASLD stage showed that the probability of SIBO positivity increased with MASLD lesion severity. After stratifying by the diagnostic methods for SIBO and MASLD, the meta-analysis results suggest a reduction in inter-group heterogeneity. For the MASLD subgroup diagnosed via liver biopsy, the OR was 4.89. A subgroup analysis of four studies that included intestinal permeability testing revealed an OR of 3.86 (95% CI: 1.80–8.28, I2 = 9%, p = 0.0005). A meta-regression analyses revealed that both race and regional development level significantly influenced the relationship between SIBO and MASLD (p = 0.010, p = 0.047). In conclusion, this meta-analyses provides strong evidence that SIBO may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. The strongest associations were observed between lactulose breath testing, gut microbiota culture, liver biopsy diagnosis of MASLD, and SIBO detected through intestinal permeability testing. The primary sources of heterogeneity are race and developed regions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=427040.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1502151/fullmetabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver diseasemetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitissmall intestinal bacteriabreath testhydrogen methane breath test
spellingShingle Ziteng Wang
Ziteng Wang
Wentao Tan
Jiali Huang
Qian Li
Jing Wang
Hui Su
Chunmei Guo
Hong Liu
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Frontiers in Nutrition
metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
small intestinal bacteria
breath test
hydrogen methane breath test
title Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_full Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_fullStr Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_full_unstemmed Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_short Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_sort small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
topic metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
small intestinal bacteria
breath test
hydrogen methane breath test
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1502151/full
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