Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.

Facial symmetry is a critical determinant in maxillofacial reconstruction. To establish an ideal midsagittal plane (MSP) for three-dimensional (3D) skull model in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial reconstructing and unilateral maxillofacial lesions, the maxillofacial spiral computed tomog...

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Main Authors: Zhengrui Zhang, Aijia Deng, Hao Li, Yunming Li, Jianhua Wei, Yan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329322
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author Zhengrui Zhang
Aijia Deng
Hao Li
Yunming Li
Jianhua Wei
Yan Wang
author_facet Zhengrui Zhang
Aijia Deng
Hao Li
Yunming Li
Jianhua Wei
Yan Wang
author_sort Zhengrui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Facial symmetry is a critical determinant in maxillofacial reconstruction. To establish an ideal midsagittal plane (MSP) for three-dimensional (3D) skull model in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial reconstructing and unilateral maxillofacial lesions, the maxillofacial spiral computed tomography data from 51 patients with normal craniofacial anatomy in the Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, were collected to performed 3D reconstruction. Every 3D skull model established three common MSPs: N-ANS-PNS, N-ANS-S, and N-Ba-S by corresponding anatomical landmarks. The original 3D skull models were mirrored using different MSPs to construct mirror models. The MSPs accuracy was assessed through repeated measures analysis combined with the 3D chromatic deviation mapping. Quantitative comparisons revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in overlap precision across MSP definitions. Mean deviation values (± SD) between the mirror and original models of N-ANS-PNS, N-ANS-S, and N-Ba-S were -1.1415 ± 0.6651, -0.9075 ± 0.6279, and -0.3961 ± 0.7970 mm respectively. Gender-based analysis demonstrated significantly better facial symmetry in female models compared to males across all MSP definitions (P < 0.05), while demographic factors (age, height, and weight) showed no statistically significant correlation with symmetry outcomes (P > 0.05). These findings validate the efficacy of mirroring technology combined with 3D chromatic deviation mapping for MSP accuracy assessment. The N-ANS-PNS plane emerged as the most reliable reference for facial symmetry evaluation in 3D skull models, with female morphology exhibiting inherently superior bilateral symmetry compared to male counterparts.
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spelling doaj-art-5a590ca9ed424fe0bec00c42f44da2ac2025-08-20T03:59:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032932210.1371/journal.pone.0329322Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.Zhengrui ZhangAijia DengHao LiYunming LiJianhua WeiYan WangFacial symmetry is a critical determinant in maxillofacial reconstruction. To establish an ideal midsagittal plane (MSP) for three-dimensional (3D) skull model in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial reconstructing and unilateral maxillofacial lesions, the maxillofacial spiral computed tomography data from 51 patients with normal craniofacial anatomy in the Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, were collected to performed 3D reconstruction. Every 3D skull model established three common MSPs: N-ANS-PNS, N-ANS-S, and N-Ba-S by corresponding anatomical landmarks. The original 3D skull models were mirrored using different MSPs to construct mirror models. The MSPs accuracy was assessed through repeated measures analysis combined with the 3D chromatic deviation mapping. Quantitative comparisons revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in overlap precision across MSP definitions. Mean deviation values (± SD) between the mirror and original models of N-ANS-PNS, N-ANS-S, and N-Ba-S were -1.1415 ± 0.6651, -0.9075 ± 0.6279, and -0.3961 ± 0.7970 mm respectively. Gender-based analysis demonstrated significantly better facial symmetry in female models compared to males across all MSP definitions (P < 0.05), while demographic factors (age, height, and weight) showed no statistically significant correlation with symmetry outcomes (P > 0.05). These findings validate the efficacy of mirroring technology combined with 3D chromatic deviation mapping for MSP accuracy assessment. The N-ANS-PNS plane emerged as the most reliable reference for facial symmetry evaluation in 3D skull models, with female morphology exhibiting inherently superior bilateral symmetry compared to male counterparts.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329322
spellingShingle Zhengrui Zhang
Aijia Deng
Hao Li
Yunming Li
Jianhua Wei
Yan Wang
Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
PLoS ONE
title Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
title_full Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
title_fullStr Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
title_full_unstemmed Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
title_short Clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three-dimensional skull models.
title_sort clinical analysis and comparative study of facial symmetry of three dimensional skull models
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329322
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