A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system
Abstract Purpose Primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the central nervous system are rare malignancies, with somatic metastasis being even less common. This study aims to propose a novel classification framework for dissemination patterns in CNS GCTs. Methods A group of 4 patients with somatic metasta...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Discover Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02467-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849329621487583232 |
|---|---|
| author | Shao-Pei Qi Chuan Zhao Jing-Jing Ge Cheng Li Feng-Jun Xue Chi Zhao Chen-Chen Kong Hui-Jie Sun Jing-Jing Zhang Ya-Qi Zhang Jun-Ping Zhang |
| author_facet | Shao-Pei Qi Chuan Zhao Jing-Jing Ge Cheng Li Feng-Jun Xue Chi Zhao Chen-Chen Kong Hui-Jie Sun Jing-Jing Zhang Ya-Qi Zhang Jun-Ping Zhang |
| author_sort | Shao-Pei Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose Primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the central nervous system are rare malignancies, with somatic metastasis being even less common. This study aims to propose a novel classification framework for dissemination patterns in CNS GCTs. Methods A group of 4 patients with somatic metastasis were identified among 284 germ cell tumors. The characteristics of patients were identified through clinical history, imaging, and histopathology. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the pathological features, while radiology was used to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of metastasis. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the factors contributing to abdominal spread. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data analysis. The dissemination process was systematically analyzed. Results This disease is extremely rare, and the progression of metastatic germ cell tumors is often complex. All four patients underwent surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In one case, the tumor spread to the anterior superior mediastinum via hematogenous metastasis; in two cases, it spread to the abdominal cavity through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; and in one case, intraspinal spread occurred via cerebrospinal fluid. Over a follow-up period of 9 to 67 months, only one patient died from the disease. H&E and IHC staining confirmed pathological features. Analyzing dissemination introduced concepts like dynamics, components, mediums, ranges, portals, and patterns, creating a framework for understanding disease spread. Conclusion Our findings offer valuable insights for guiding treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. CNS GCTs can be managed effectively with accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The introduction of new concepts and classifications of dissemination can inform and guide treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a49391ce9ad4d2fba6370d4e1cb9902 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2730-6011 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a49391ce9ad4d2fba6370d4e1cb99022025-08-20T03:47:13ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-06-0116111410.1007/s12672-025-02467-6A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous systemShao-Pei Qi0Chuan Zhao1Jing-Jing Ge2Cheng Li3Feng-Jun Xue4Chi Zhao5Chen-Chen Kong6Hui-Jie Sun7Jing-Jing Zhang8Ya-Qi Zhang9Jun-Ping Zhang10Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Henan Sanbo Brain HospitalDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Henan Sanbo Brain HospitalDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Henan Sanbo Brain HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Purpose Primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the central nervous system are rare malignancies, with somatic metastasis being even less common. This study aims to propose a novel classification framework for dissemination patterns in CNS GCTs. Methods A group of 4 patients with somatic metastasis were identified among 284 germ cell tumors. The characteristics of patients were identified through clinical history, imaging, and histopathology. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the pathological features, while radiology was used to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of metastasis. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the factors contributing to abdominal spread. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data analysis. The dissemination process was systematically analyzed. Results This disease is extremely rare, and the progression of metastatic germ cell tumors is often complex. All four patients underwent surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In one case, the tumor spread to the anterior superior mediastinum via hematogenous metastasis; in two cases, it spread to the abdominal cavity through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; and in one case, intraspinal spread occurred via cerebrospinal fluid. Over a follow-up period of 9 to 67 months, only one patient died from the disease. H&E and IHC staining confirmed pathological features. Analyzing dissemination introduced concepts like dynamics, components, mediums, ranges, portals, and patterns, creating a framework for understanding disease spread. Conclusion Our findings offer valuable insights for guiding treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. CNS GCTs can be managed effectively with accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The introduction of new concepts and classifications of dissemination can inform and guide treatment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02467-6DisseminationSomatic metastasisGerm cell tumorTreatment |
| spellingShingle | Shao-Pei Qi Chuan Zhao Jing-Jing Ge Cheng Li Feng-Jun Xue Chi Zhao Chen-Chen Kong Hui-Jie Sun Jing-Jing Zhang Ya-Qi Zhang Jun-Ping Zhang A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system Discover Oncology Dissemination Somatic metastasis Germ cell tumor Treatment |
| title | A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| title_full | A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| title_fullStr | A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| title_short | A novel perspective on dissemination: somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| title_sort | novel perspective on dissemination somatic metastasis of germ cell tumors from the central nervous system |
| topic | Dissemination Somatic metastasis Germ cell tumor Treatment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02467-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shaopeiqi anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chuanzhao anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT jingjingge anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chengli anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT fengjunxue anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chizhao anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chenchenkong anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT huijiesun anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT jingjingzhang anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT yaqizhang anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT junpingzhang anovelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT shaopeiqi novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chuanzhao novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT jingjingge novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chengli novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT fengjunxue novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chizhao novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT chenchenkong novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT huijiesun novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT jingjingzhang novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT yaqizhang novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem AT junpingzhang novelperspectiveondisseminationsomaticmetastasisofgermcelltumorsfromthecentralnervoussystem |