Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Effective thermal management in polymer-based materials remains a critical challenge due to their inherently low thermal conductivity, driving the need for advanced nanocomposites. This study develops non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to investigate the thermal transport properti...

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Main Authors: Nava Zarkhah, Mostafa Baghani, Daniel George, Ali Rajabpour, Majid Baniassadi, Mohammadreza Aghaei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1647
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author Nava Zarkhah
Mostafa Baghani
Daniel George
Ali Rajabpour
Majid Baniassadi
Mohammadreza Aghaei
author_facet Nava Zarkhah
Mostafa Baghani
Daniel George
Ali Rajabpour
Majid Baniassadi
Mohammadreza Aghaei
author_sort Nava Zarkhah
collection DOAJ
description Effective thermal management in polymer-based materials remains a critical challenge due to their inherently low thermal conductivity, driving the need for advanced nanocomposites. This study develops non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to investigate the thermal transport properties of polyethylene (PE) reinforced with graphene functionalized by hydrogen (H), methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>), and ethyl (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) groups with volume fractions of 5–30%. The interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between PE and graphene increases significantly with functionalization, reaching 2.50 × 10<sup>8</sup> W/m<sup>2</sup>K with 30% ethyl coverage, a 250% enhancement compared to 8.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> W/m<sup>2</sup>K for pristine graphene. The effective thermal conductivity of the PE/functionalized graphene composite peaks at 0.42 W/mK with 30% hydrogen coverage, a 17.4% improvement over the 0.36 W/mK of PE/pristine graphene, though still 6.5% below pure PE (0.45 W/mK). Analysis of the vibrational density of states reveals that ethyl groups maximize phonon coupling at the interface, explaining their superior ITC enhancement. These findings offer quantitative insights into optimizing polymer nanocomposites for thermal management applications, such as microelectronics and energy storage systems, where efficient heat dissipation is important.
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spelling doaj-art-5a4826f740ca4c879244e831db526de02025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-03-01187164710.3390/en18071647Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics StudyNava Zarkhah0Mostafa Baghani1Daniel George2Ali Rajabpour3Majid Baniassadi4Mohammadreza Aghaei5School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, IranUniversity of Strasbourg, ICube, CNRS, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceAdvanced Simulation and Computing Laboratory (ASCL), Mechanical Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin P.O. Box 341489-6818, IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, IranDepartment of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 6009 Alesund, NorwayEffective thermal management in polymer-based materials remains a critical challenge due to their inherently low thermal conductivity, driving the need for advanced nanocomposites. This study develops non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to investigate the thermal transport properties of polyethylene (PE) reinforced with graphene functionalized by hydrogen (H), methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>), and ethyl (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) groups with volume fractions of 5–30%. The interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between PE and graphene increases significantly with functionalization, reaching 2.50 × 10<sup>8</sup> W/m<sup>2</sup>K with 30% ethyl coverage, a 250% enhancement compared to 8.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> W/m<sup>2</sup>K for pristine graphene. The effective thermal conductivity of the PE/functionalized graphene composite peaks at 0.42 W/mK with 30% hydrogen coverage, a 17.4% improvement over the 0.36 W/mK of PE/pristine graphene, though still 6.5% below pure PE (0.45 W/mK). Analysis of the vibrational density of states reveals that ethyl groups maximize phonon coupling at the interface, explaining their superior ITC enhancement. These findings offer quantitative insights into optimizing polymer nanocomposites for thermal management applications, such as microelectronics and energy storage systems, where efficient heat dissipation is important.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1647molecular dynamicsinterfacial thermal conductancenanocompositefunctionalization groupsgraphenepolyethylene
spellingShingle Nava Zarkhah
Mostafa Baghani
Daniel George
Ali Rajabpour
Majid Baniassadi
Mohammadreza Aghaei
Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Energies
molecular dynamics
interfacial thermal conductance
nanocomposite
functionalization groups
graphene
polyethylene
title Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
title_full Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
title_fullStr Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
title_full_unstemmed Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
title_short Thermal Transport in Polyethylene Reinforced with H/CH<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> Functionalized Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study
title_sort thermal transport in polyethylene reinforced with h ch sub 3 sub c sub 2 sub h sub 5 sub functionalized graphene a molecular dynamics study
topic molecular dynamics
interfacial thermal conductance
nanocomposite
functionalization groups
graphene
polyethylene
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1647
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