Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs
Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent; however, the specific roles of TCS in oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. This research investigated the influence of TCS on biologically active processes during the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Our results...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/6/802 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850205291742756864 |
|---|---|
| author | Ning Zhao Anli Xu Jingxian Yang Jianan Zhao Junhao Xie Bugao Li Jiaxin Duan Guoqing Cao |
| author_facet | Ning Zhao Anli Xu Jingxian Yang Jianan Zhao Junhao Xie Bugao Li Jiaxin Duan Guoqing Cao |
| author_sort | Ning Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent; however, the specific roles of TCS in oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. This research investigated the influence of TCS on biologically active processes during the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Our results demonstrated that TCS significantly decreased the maturation rate of porcine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and impaired cumulus expansion. These detrimental effects were mediated by the disruption of mitochondrial function and distribution, leading to oxidative stress characterized by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decrease in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD2 and GSH, reduced ATP production, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We also observed interference with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution, disturbances in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis, and fluctuations in ER stress, as evidenced by reduced expression of ER stress-related proteins. Furthermore, TCS exposure induced autophagy, as indicated by the levels of SQSTM1 (P62) and LC3-II. Additionally, TCS increased apoptosis rates, corresponding with a downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to TCS can impair cytoplasmic function, thereby affecting oocyte quality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a41dbba72a440e8b3ca2f6f904e4c77 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a41dbba72a440e8b3ca2f6f904e4c772025-08-20T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-03-0115680210.3390/ani15060802Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in PigsNing Zhao0Anli Xu1Jingxian Yang2Jianan Zhao3Junhao Xie4Bugao Li5Jiaxin Duan6Guoqing Cao7College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaTriclosan (TCS) is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent; however, the specific roles of TCS in oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. This research investigated the influence of TCS on biologically active processes during the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Our results demonstrated that TCS significantly decreased the maturation rate of porcine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and impaired cumulus expansion. These detrimental effects were mediated by the disruption of mitochondrial function and distribution, leading to oxidative stress characterized by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decrease in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD2 and GSH, reduced ATP production, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We also observed interference with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution, disturbances in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis, and fluctuations in ER stress, as evidenced by reduced expression of ER stress-related proteins. Furthermore, TCS exposure induced autophagy, as indicated by the levels of SQSTM1 (P62) and LC3-II. Additionally, TCS increased apoptosis rates, corresponding with a downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to TCS can impair cytoplasmic function, thereby affecting oocyte quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/6/802apoptosisautophagyoocyte maturationoxidative stresstriclosan |
| spellingShingle | Ning Zhao Anli Xu Jingxian Yang Jianan Zhao Junhao Xie Bugao Li Jiaxin Duan Guoqing Cao Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs Animals apoptosis autophagy oocyte maturation oxidative stress triclosan |
| title | Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs |
| title_full | Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs |
| title_short | Triclosan Caused Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Organelle Dysfunctions, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pigs |
| title_sort | triclosan caused oocyte meiotic arrest by modulating oxidative stress organelle dysfunctions autophagy and apoptosis in pigs |
| topic | apoptosis autophagy oocyte maturation oxidative stress triclosan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/6/802 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ningzhao triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT anlixu triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT jingxianyang triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT jiananzhao triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT junhaoxie triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT bugaoli triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT jiaxinduan triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs AT guoqingcao triclosancausedoocytemeioticarrestbymodulatingoxidativestressorganelledysfunctionsautophagyandapoptosisinpigs |