Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming
In a warm winter due to climate warming, it is necessary to suppress early flowering of autumn-sown wheat plants. Here, we propose the use of cytoplasmic genome effects for this purpose. Alloplasmic lines, or cytoplasmic substitution lines, of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) have...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Mina Matsumura Yuko Watanabe Hiroko Tada Koji Murai |
| author_facet | Mina Matsumura Yuko Watanabe Hiroko Tada Koji Murai |
| author_sort | Mina Matsumura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In a warm winter due to climate warming, it is necessary to suppress early flowering of autumn-sown wheat plants. Here, we propose the use of cytoplasmic genome effects for this purpose. Alloplasmic lines, or cytoplasmic substitution lines, of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) have cytoplasm from a related wild <i>Aegilops</i> species through recurrent backcrossing and exhibit altered characteristics compared with the euplasmic lines from which they are derived. Thus, alloplasmic lines with <i>Aegilops mutica</i> cytoplasm show delayed flowering compared with lines carrying normal cytoplasm. In the wheat flowering pathway, <i>VERNALIZATION 1</i> (<i>VRN1</i>) encodes an APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like MADS box transcription factor that plays a central role in the activation of florigen genes, which induce floral meristems in the shoot apex. Here, we compared expression of <i>VRN1</i> alleles in alloplasmic and euplasmic lines after vernalization. We found that alloplasmic wheat showed a lower level of <i>VRN1</i> expression after vernalization compared with euplasmic wheat. Thus, nuclear-cytoplasm interactions affect the expression levels of the nuclear <i>VRN1</i> gene; these interactions might occur through the pathway termed retrograde signaling. In warm winters, autumn-sown wheat cultivars with spring habit can pass through the reproductive growth phase in very early spring, resulting in a decreased tiller/ear number and reduced yield performance. Here, we present data showing that an alloplasmic line of ‘Fukusayaka’ can avoid the decrease in tiller/ear numbers during warm winters, suggesting that this alloplasmic line may be useful for development of varieties adapted to global warming. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a407cd76da94829b646482a5c85745b2025-08-20T02:50:34ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-11-011323334610.3390/plants13233346Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global WarmingMina Matsumura0Yuko Watanabe1Hiroko Tada2Koji Murai3Graduate School of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-4103, JapanGraduate School of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-4103, JapanGraduate School of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-4103, JapanGraduate School of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-4103, JapanIn a warm winter due to climate warming, it is necessary to suppress early flowering of autumn-sown wheat plants. Here, we propose the use of cytoplasmic genome effects for this purpose. Alloplasmic lines, or cytoplasmic substitution lines, of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) have cytoplasm from a related wild <i>Aegilops</i> species through recurrent backcrossing and exhibit altered characteristics compared with the euplasmic lines from which they are derived. Thus, alloplasmic lines with <i>Aegilops mutica</i> cytoplasm show delayed flowering compared with lines carrying normal cytoplasm. In the wheat flowering pathway, <i>VERNALIZATION 1</i> (<i>VRN1</i>) encodes an APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like MADS box transcription factor that plays a central role in the activation of florigen genes, which induce floral meristems in the shoot apex. Here, we compared expression of <i>VRN1</i> alleles in alloplasmic and euplasmic lines after vernalization. We found that alloplasmic wheat showed a lower level of <i>VRN1</i> expression after vernalization compared with euplasmic wheat. Thus, nuclear-cytoplasm interactions affect the expression levels of the nuclear <i>VRN1</i> gene; these interactions might occur through the pathway termed retrograde signaling. In warm winters, autumn-sown wheat cultivars with spring habit can pass through the reproductive growth phase in very early spring, resulting in a decreased tiller/ear number and reduced yield performance. Here, we present data showing that an alloplasmic line of ‘Fukusayaka’ can avoid the decrease in tiller/ear numbers during warm winters, suggesting that this alloplasmic line may be useful for development of varieties adapted to global warming.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3346<i>Aegilops mutica</i>alloplasmic linecytoplasmic substitution lineflowering<i>Triticum aestivum</i><i>VRN1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Mina Matsumura Yuko Watanabe Hiroko Tada Koji Murai Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming Plants <i>Aegilops mutica</i> alloplasmic line cytoplasmic substitution line flowering <i>Triticum aestivum</i> <i>VRN1</i> |
| title | Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming |
| title_full | Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming |
| title_fullStr | Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming |
| title_short | Cytoplasm of the Wild Species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> Reduces <i>VRN1</i> Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming |
| title_sort | cytoplasm of the wild species i aegilops mutica i reduces i vrn1 i gene expression in early growth of cultivated wheat prospects for using alloplasmic lines to breed varieties adapted to global warming |
| topic | <i>Aegilops mutica</i> alloplasmic line cytoplasmic substitution line flowering <i>Triticum aestivum</i> <i>VRN1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3346 |
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