Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia
Abstract A by‐product of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) farming is the chitin‐rich “exuviae” (exoskeleton shell) that is left behind after the prepupae larvae metamorphose into adults. Moreover, exuviae is present in BSFL meal and frass. In this 8‐week trial, tilapia (initial we...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of the World Aquaculture Society |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70027 |
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| author | Nicholas Romano Surjya Narayan Datta Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande Amit Kumar Sinha Fernando Yamamoto Steven D. Rawles Carl D. Webster |
| author_facet | Nicholas Romano Surjya Narayan Datta Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande Amit Kumar Sinha Fernando Yamamoto Steven D. Rawles Carl D. Webster |
| author_sort | Nicholas Romano |
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| description | Abstract A by‐product of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) farming is the chitin‐rich “exuviae” (exoskeleton shell) that is left behind after the prepupae larvae metamorphose into adults. Moreover, exuviae is present in BSFL meal and frass. In this 8‐week trial, tilapia (initial weight of 2.93 g) were fed diets with increasing inclusions of dietary BSFL exuviae (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.5%) and the growth, biochemical composition, hepatic expression set of genes related to metabolism as well as liver/intestinal histomorphology were examined. Growth metrics tended (p = 0.066) to increase linearly with increasing exuviae level, although the feed conversion ratio was unaffected. Muscle P and Zn content were significantly linear and/or quadratic with respect to dietary exuviae level and were highest in fish fed the control diet and lower in fish fed diets with exuviae. Dietary BSFL exuviae at 0.1% and 0.5% significantly downregulated the hepatic expression of lipoprotein lipase, trypsinogen, and cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a) genes relative to control. Liver histology and scoring revealed mild to severe changes ranging from localized inflammation to necrosis and hemorrhaging with increasing exuviae content, while intestinal histology appeared similar among treatments. Muscle protein and amino acids decreased either linearly or quadratically with increasing BSFL exuviae. Muscle lipid and fatty acid profiles were not significantly impacted by dietary treatments. Results suggest that dietary inclusion of BSFL exuviae up to 0.5% of diet did not limit tilapia performance, but further research is needed on treatments of BSFL meal or exuviae prior to diet inclusion to reduce liver pathologies and potentially enhance fish production. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 0893-8849 1749-7345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of the World Aquaculture Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a338ecfb32f42588d47e30af8d3328e2025-08-20T03:24:00ZengWileyJournal of the World Aquaculture Society0893-88491749-73452025-06-01563n/an/a10.1111/jwas.70027Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapiaNicholas Romano0Surjya Narayan Datta1Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande2Amit Kumar Sinha3Fernando Yamamoto4Steven D. Rawles5Carl D. Webster6USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Fort Pierce Florida USADepartment of Fisheries Resource Management College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana IndiaDepartment of Aquatic Resource Management Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University Denpasar Bali IndonesiaDepartment of Aquaculture & Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff Arkansas USAThad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University Stoneville Mississippi USAUSDA‐ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Center (AAHRC) Auburn Alabama USAUSDA‐ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Center (AAHRC) Auburn Alabama USAAbstract A by‐product of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) farming is the chitin‐rich “exuviae” (exoskeleton shell) that is left behind after the prepupae larvae metamorphose into adults. Moreover, exuviae is present in BSFL meal and frass. In this 8‐week trial, tilapia (initial weight of 2.93 g) were fed diets with increasing inclusions of dietary BSFL exuviae (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.5%) and the growth, biochemical composition, hepatic expression set of genes related to metabolism as well as liver/intestinal histomorphology were examined. Growth metrics tended (p = 0.066) to increase linearly with increasing exuviae level, although the feed conversion ratio was unaffected. Muscle P and Zn content were significantly linear and/or quadratic with respect to dietary exuviae level and were highest in fish fed the control diet and lower in fish fed diets with exuviae. Dietary BSFL exuviae at 0.1% and 0.5% significantly downregulated the hepatic expression of lipoprotein lipase, trypsinogen, and cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a) genes relative to control. Liver histology and scoring revealed mild to severe changes ranging from localized inflammation to necrosis and hemorrhaging with increasing exuviae content, while intestinal histology appeared similar among treatments. Muscle protein and amino acids decreased either linearly or quadratically with increasing BSFL exuviae. Muscle lipid and fatty acid profiles were not significantly impacted by dietary treatments. Results suggest that dietary inclusion of BSFL exuviae up to 0.5% of diet did not limit tilapia performance, but further research is needed on treatments of BSFL meal or exuviae prior to diet inclusion to reduce liver pathologies and potentially enhance fish production.https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70027chitinexuviaeinsect by‐productinsect ingredient |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas Romano Surjya Narayan Datta Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande Amit Kumar Sinha Fernando Yamamoto Steven D. Rawles Carl D. Webster Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia Journal of the World Aquaculture Society chitin exuviae insect by‐product insect ingredient |
| title | Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia |
| title_full | Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia |
| title_short | Preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae in Mozambique tilapia |
| title_sort | preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of dietary exuviae from black soldier fly hermetia illucens pupae in mozambique tilapia |
| topic | chitin exuviae insect by‐product insect ingredient |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70027 |
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