Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19

Veterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become vital in address...

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Main Authors: Bright Parker Quayson, Jill Hough, Rebecca Boateng, Isaac Duah Boateng, Ranjit Godavarthy, Jeremy Mattson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Societies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/14/12/264
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author Bright Parker Quayson
Jill Hough
Rebecca Boateng
Isaac Duah Boateng
Ranjit Godavarthy
Jeremy Mattson
author_facet Bright Parker Quayson
Jill Hough
Rebecca Boateng
Isaac Duah Boateng
Ranjit Godavarthy
Jeremy Mattson
author_sort Bright Parker Quayson
collection DOAJ
description Veterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become vital in addressing the accessibility gap for people constrained by vehicle ownership, income, geographic isolation, and limited access to specialists. This study aims to examine the current evidence on rural veterans’ use of telehealth for their healthcare needs, evaluates the cost savings associated with telehealth, as well as veterans’ use of telehealth during COVID-19. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) to select relevant articles published from 2017 to 2023. A total of 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into three objectives: veterans’ medical conditions managed through telehealth (<i>n</i> = 24), veterans’ transportation cost savings using telehealth (<i>n</i> = 4), and telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic (<i>n</i> = 8). The results indicated that telehealth is a viable option for managing various medical conditions of rural veterans, including complex ones like diabetes and cancer. Additionally, telemedicine was a useful platform in bridging the healthcare accessibility gap during disasters or pandemics like COVID-19 evident from its increased usage during the pandemic. Lastly, telehealth was associated with cost and time savings between USD 65.29 and USD 72.94 per visit and 2.10 and 2.60 h per visit, respectively. However, the feasibility of telehealth for veterans’ medical conditions such as rheumatism, cancer, HIV, and diabetes is underexplored and calls for further investigation post-COVID-19. Lastly, the limited literature on rural veterans’ transportation cost savings using different mobility options—taxi, Uber, public transportation, and rides from friends and family—is another critical gap.
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spelling doaj-art-5a329acc3f0b49ccbb2d206be1f1ce532025-08-20T02:43:39ZengMDPI AGSocieties2075-46982024-12-01141226410.3390/soc14120264Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19Bright Parker Quayson0Jill Hough1Rebecca Boateng2Isaac Duah Boateng3Ranjit Godavarthy4Jeremy Mattson5Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USAKFH Group, Rockville, MD 20850, USASchool of Business and Management, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD 20783, USACertified Group, 199 W Rhapsody Dr, San Antonio, TX 78216, USADepartment of Transportation, Logistics, and Finance, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USAUpper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USAVeterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become vital in addressing the accessibility gap for people constrained by vehicle ownership, income, geographic isolation, and limited access to specialists. This study aims to examine the current evidence on rural veterans’ use of telehealth for their healthcare needs, evaluates the cost savings associated with telehealth, as well as veterans’ use of telehealth during COVID-19. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) to select relevant articles published from 2017 to 2023. A total of 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into three objectives: veterans’ medical conditions managed through telehealth (<i>n</i> = 24), veterans’ transportation cost savings using telehealth (<i>n</i> = 4), and telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic (<i>n</i> = 8). The results indicated that telehealth is a viable option for managing various medical conditions of rural veterans, including complex ones like diabetes and cancer. Additionally, telemedicine was a useful platform in bridging the healthcare accessibility gap during disasters or pandemics like COVID-19 evident from its increased usage during the pandemic. Lastly, telehealth was associated with cost and time savings between USD 65.29 and USD 72.94 per visit and 2.10 and 2.60 h per visit, respectively. However, the feasibility of telehealth for veterans’ medical conditions such as rheumatism, cancer, HIV, and diabetes is underexplored and calls for further investigation post-COVID-19. Lastly, the limited literature on rural veterans’ transportation cost savings using different mobility options—taxi, Uber, public transportation, and rides from friends and family—is another critical gap.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/14/12/264rural veteranstelehealthrural healthCOVID-19telemedicinemedical conditions
spellingShingle Bright Parker Quayson
Jill Hough
Rebecca Boateng
Isaac Duah Boateng
Ranjit Godavarthy
Jeremy Mattson
Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
Societies
rural veterans
telehealth
rural health
COVID-19
telemedicine
medical conditions
title Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
title_full Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
title_fullStr Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
title_short Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
title_sort telehealth for rural veterans in the united states a systematic review of utilization cost savings and impact of covid 19
topic rural veterans
telehealth
rural health
COVID-19
telemedicine
medical conditions
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/14/12/264
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