Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes
The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has reached alarming levels, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. This review analyzes current evidence on the intricate relationships between MASLD, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabete...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618275/full |
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| author | Ankita Dua Rashmi Kumari Mona Singh Roushan Kumar Sunila Pradeep Sunila Pradeep Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar |
| author_facet | Ankita Dua Rashmi Kumari Mona Singh Roushan Kumar Sunila Pradeep Sunila Pradeep Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar |
| author_sort | Ankita Dua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has reached alarming levels, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. This review analyzes current evidence on the intricate relationships between MASLD, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with particular emphasis on gut microbiome interactions. As MASLD progresses from simple steatosis to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), it can lead to severe complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of MASLD is multifactorial, involving hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation of the gut-liver axis. Insulin resistance is a central driver of disease progression, closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent research highlights how gut microbiome dysbiosis exacerbates MASLD through mechanisms such as increased intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and altered metabolic signaling. Identification of microbial signatures offers promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. By integrating metabolic, inflammatory, and microbial perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive overview of MASLD pathogenesis and its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a2332664d8941c8bc142e443ae5d3ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a2332664d8941c8bc142e443ae5d3ac2025-08-20T03:37:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-08-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16182751618275Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetesAnkita Dua0Rashmi Kumari1Mona Singh2Roushan Kumar3Sunila Pradeep4Sunila Pradeep5Akinyemi I. Ojesina6Akinyemi I. Ojesina7Akinyemi I. Ojesina8Roshan Kumar9Roshan Kumar10Roshan Kumar11Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Commerce, Arts & Science, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesPost-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesMedical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesMedical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesPost-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, IndiaMedical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, United StatesThe global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has reached alarming levels, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. This review analyzes current evidence on the intricate relationships between MASLD, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with particular emphasis on gut microbiome interactions. As MASLD progresses from simple steatosis to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), it can lead to severe complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of MASLD is multifactorial, involving hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation of the gut-liver axis. Insulin resistance is a central driver of disease progression, closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent research highlights how gut microbiome dysbiosis exacerbates MASLD through mechanisms such as increased intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and altered metabolic signaling. Identification of microbial signatures offers promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. By integrating metabolic, inflammatory, and microbial perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive overview of MASLD pathogenesis and its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618275/fullMASLDMASHNAFLDNASHmicrobiomedysbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Ankita Dua Rashmi Kumari Mona Singh Roushan Kumar Sunila Pradeep Sunila Pradeep Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Akinyemi I. Ojesina Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar Roshan Kumar Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes Frontiers in Medicine MASLD MASH NAFLD NASH microbiome dysbiosis |
| title | Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes |
| title_full | Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes |
| title_short | Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes |
| title_sort | metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease masld the interplay of gut microbiome insulin resistance and diabetes |
| topic | MASLD MASH NAFLD NASH microbiome dysbiosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618275/full |
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