Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards

In Japan, the guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) were revised in 2021. Under the new guidelines, pregnant women are recommended to increase their GWG. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), large for gestational age (LGA), and postpartum gl...

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Main Authors: Akiho Yamashita, Masayuki Kaku, Takuya Ideguchi, Shuhei Nishida, Hiroyuki Kinoshita, Takeshi Nishikawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Japan Endocrine Society 2025-05-01
Series:Endocrine Journal
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/5/72_EJ24-0486/_html/-char/en
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author Akiho Yamashita
Masayuki Kaku
Takuya Ideguchi
Shuhei Nishida
Hiroyuki Kinoshita
Takeshi Nishikawa
author_facet Akiho Yamashita
Masayuki Kaku
Takuya Ideguchi
Shuhei Nishida
Hiroyuki Kinoshita
Takeshi Nishikawa
author_sort Akiho Yamashita
collection DOAJ
description In Japan, the guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) were revised in 2021. Under the new guidelines, pregnant women are recommended to increase their GWG. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), large for gestational age (LGA), and postpartum glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients before and after the revised GWG standards. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,021 GDM patients who underwent prenatal glycemic control and a postpartum 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The endpoint was the incidence of APOs, LGA, and postpartum impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). There was no significant difference in the incidence of APOs and postpartum IGT and DM in GDM patients before and after the revised GWG standards. On the other hand, when the new GWG standards were applied to GDM patients, the incidence of LGA increased (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 1.764, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.180–2.637). In particular, when classified by pre-pregnancy body mass index, the incidence of LGA increased in the obese group (aOR; 5.944, 95% CI; 1.847–19.129). Future prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of appropriate GWG in Japanese GDM patients.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1348-4540
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher The Japan Endocrine Society
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spelling doaj-art-5a1e18f7a6774a388ff3391c52d8ee332025-08-20T03:54:32ZengThe Japan Endocrine SocietyEndocrine Journal1348-45402025-05-0172550952410.1507/endocrj.EJ24-0486endocrjAssociation between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standardsAkiho Yamashita0Masayuki Kaku1Takuya Ideguchi2Shuhei Nishida3Hiroyuki Kinoshita4Takeshi Nishikawa5Department of Nutrition, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, JapanDepartment of Nutrition, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, JapanDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, JapanDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, JapanDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, JapanDepartment of International Medical Cooperation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, JapanIn Japan, the guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) were revised in 2021. Under the new guidelines, pregnant women are recommended to increase their GWG. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), large for gestational age (LGA), and postpartum glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients before and after the revised GWG standards. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,021 GDM patients who underwent prenatal glycemic control and a postpartum 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The endpoint was the incidence of APOs, LGA, and postpartum impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). There was no significant difference in the incidence of APOs and postpartum IGT and DM in GDM patients before and after the revised GWG standards. On the other hand, when the new GWG standards were applied to GDM patients, the incidence of LGA increased (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 1.764, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.180–2.637). In particular, when classified by pre-pregnancy body mass index, the incidence of LGA increased in the obese group (aOR; 5.944, 95% CI; 1.847–19.129). Future prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of appropriate GWG in Japanese GDM patients.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/5/72_EJ24-0486/_html/-char/engestational diabetes mellitusgestational weight gainlarge for gestational agebody mass indexpregnancy
spellingShingle Akiho Yamashita
Masayuki Kaku
Takuya Ideguchi
Shuhei Nishida
Hiroyuki Kinoshita
Takeshi Nishikawa
Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
Endocrine Journal
gestational diabetes mellitus
gestational weight gain
large for gestational age
body mass index
pregnancy
title Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
title_full Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
title_fullStr Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
title_full_unstemmed Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
title_short Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes, neonatal birth weight, and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in Japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients: comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
title_sort association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes neonatal birth weight and maternal postpartum glucose tolerance in japanese gestational diabetes mellitus patients comparison of old and new gestational weight gain standards
topic gestational diabetes mellitus
gestational weight gain
large for gestational age
body mass index
pregnancy
url https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/5/72_EJ24-0486/_html/-char/en
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