Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation

Abstract Irrigation exerts a strong influence on carbon dynamics in agroecosystems. However, global patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) responses to irrigation remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we synthesized 223,593 observations to derive 2217 representati...

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Main Authors: Qi Tang, Yanqing Xu, Li Hua, Yiyun Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02591-9
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author Qi Tang
Yanqing Xu
Li Hua
Yiyun Chen
author_facet Qi Tang
Yanqing Xu
Li Hua
Yiyun Chen
author_sort Qi Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Irrigation exerts a strong influence on carbon dynamics in agroecosystems. However, global patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) responses to irrigation remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we synthesized 223,593 observations to derive 2217 representative soil profile measurements and estimated the differential effects of irrigation on SOC and SIC. Our results show that soil carbon responses to irrigation vary with soil depth and are related to the amount of irrigation water applied. Specifically, SOC and SIC of cropland increased by 127% and 57.09%, respectively, under 200–300 mm irrigation compared to the reference study sites. In global upscaling experiments, we mapped the vulnerability distribution of SOC and SIC losses in irrigated cropland by applying a meta-forest model. We found that 54.58% of stable cropland areas were projected to experience SOC losses, and 60.22% were projected to experience SIC losses, under long-term continuous irrigation, with SIC at greater global risk. These findings highlight the need for strategic consideration of carbon sequestration potential in irrigation management to support climate adaptation efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-5a1dc4507bdc462aae97a9988aa6ae8e2025-08-20T03:06:09ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-07-016111010.1038/s43247-025-02591-9Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigationQi Tang0Yanqing Xu1Li Hua2Yiyun Chen3School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan UniversityCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversitySchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan UniversityAbstract Irrigation exerts a strong influence on carbon dynamics in agroecosystems. However, global patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) responses to irrigation remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we synthesized 223,593 observations to derive 2217 representative soil profile measurements and estimated the differential effects of irrigation on SOC and SIC. Our results show that soil carbon responses to irrigation vary with soil depth and are related to the amount of irrigation water applied. Specifically, SOC and SIC of cropland increased by 127% and 57.09%, respectively, under 200–300 mm irrigation compared to the reference study sites. In global upscaling experiments, we mapped the vulnerability distribution of SOC and SIC losses in irrigated cropland by applying a meta-forest model. We found that 54.58% of stable cropland areas were projected to experience SOC losses, and 60.22% were projected to experience SIC losses, under long-term continuous irrigation, with SIC at greater global risk. These findings highlight the need for strategic consideration of carbon sequestration potential in irrigation management to support climate adaptation efforts.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02591-9
spellingShingle Qi Tang
Yanqing Xu
Li Hua
Yiyun Chen
Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
Communications Earth & Environment
title Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
title_full Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
title_fullStr Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
title_full_unstemmed Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
title_short Global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
title_sort global soil organic and inorganic carbon vulnerability in response to irrigation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02591-9
work_keys_str_mv AT qitang globalsoilorganicandinorganiccarbonvulnerabilityinresponsetoirrigation
AT yanqingxu globalsoilorganicandinorganiccarbonvulnerabilityinresponsetoirrigation
AT lihua globalsoilorganicandinorganiccarbonvulnerabilityinresponsetoirrigation
AT yiyunchen globalsoilorganicandinorganiccarbonvulnerabilityinresponsetoirrigation