International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity

Introduction. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency, and effective management depends on early risk stratification. The Glasgow–Blatchford and Rockall scores are commonly used prognostic measures for UGIB, although these scoring systems a...

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Main Authors: Jeongwoo Choi, Je Seop Lee, Solmoon Lee, Yong Won Kim, Yoonsuk Lee, Tae Youn Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1172540
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author Jeongwoo Choi
Je Seop Lee
Solmoon Lee
Yong Won Kim
Yoonsuk Lee
Tae Youn Kim
author_facet Jeongwoo Choi
Je Seop Lee
Solmoon Lee
Yong Won Kim
Yoonsuk Lee
Tae Youn Kim
author_sort Jeongwoo Choi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency, and effective management depends on early risk stratification. The Glasgow–Blatchford and Rockall scores are commonly used prognostic measures for UGIB, although these scoring systems are relatively difficult to apply in early emergency settings. AIMS65 with five items, albumin, international normalized ratio, mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age (>65 years), showed efficacy in predicting long-term hospitalization and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio (PTAR) in the emergency room for early UGIB risk stratification. Methods. We retrospectively examined patients who visited a tertiary academic hospital’s emergency department (ED) with UGIB as the chief presentation between January 2019 and December 2020. The cutoff values and diagnostic accuracies of the PTAR, Glasgow–Blatchford score, AIMS65 score, pre-endoscopy, and complete Rockall score were analyzed, and the performance of the PTAR was compared with that of other risk stratification methods. In total, 519 patients were enrolled: 163 patients were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 35 died during admission. Multiple logistic regression analyses confirmed the association of the PTAR with ICU admission and mortality. The adjusted odd ratio (aOR) of the PTAR for ICU admission care was 8.376 (2.722–25.774), and the aOR of the PTAR for mortality was 27.846 (8.701–89.116). Conclusions. The PTAR measured in the ED is an independent factor related to ICU admission and mortality in patients with UGIB. Using ED blood laboratory results, which are reported relatively quickly and are easy to acquire and calculate, the PTAR can be used as a risk stratification marker in the early emergency setting.
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spelling doaj-art-5a1b7ee3bfcd4cf987b68d8842f498f12025-08-20T03:34:57ZengWileyGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-630X2022-01-01202210.1155/2022/1172540International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding SeverityJeongwoo Choi0Je Seop Lee1Solmoon Lee2Yong Won Kim3Yoonsuk Lee4Tae Youn Kim5Department of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineIntroduction. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency, and effective management depends on early risk stratification. The Glasgow–Blatchford and Rockall scores are commonly used prognostic measures for UGIB, although these scoring systems are relatively difficult to apply in early emergency settings. AIMS65 with five items, albumin, international normalized ratio, mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age (>65 years), showed efficacy in predicting long-term hospitalization and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio (PTAR) in the emergency room for early UGIB risk stratification. Methods. We retrospectively examined patients who visited a tertiary academic hospital’s emergency department (ED) with UGIB as the chief presentation between January 2019 and December 2020. The cutoff values and diagnostic accuracies of the PTAR, Glasgow–Blatchford score, AIMS65 score, pre-endoscopy, and complete Rockall score were analyzed, and the performance of the PTAR was compared with that of other risk stratification methods. In total, 519 patients were enrolled: 163 patients were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 35 died during admission. Multiple logistic regression analyses confirmed the association of the PTAR with ICU admission and mortality. The adjusted odd ratio (aOR) of the PTAR for ICU admission care was 8.376 (2.722–25.774), and the aOR of the PTAR for mortality was 27.846 (8.701–89.116). Conclusions. The PTAR measured in the ED is an independent factor related to ICU admission and mortality in patients with UGIB. Using ED blood laboratory results, which are reported relatively quickly and are easy to acquire and calculate, the PTAR can be used as a risk stratification marker in the early emergency setting.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1172540
spellingShingle Jeongwoo Choi
Je Seop Lee
Solmoon Lee
Yong Won Kim
Yoonsuk Lee
Tae Youn Kim
International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
title International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
title_full International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
title_fullStr International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
title_full_unstemmed International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
title_short International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity
title_sort international normalized ratio to albumin ratio as a novel marker of upper gastrointestinal bleeding severity
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1172540
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