The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types
IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful tools used by pathogens to manipulate host cells, delivering molecular cargo that rewires cellular processes and the immune response. Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed parasite capable of infecting nearly all nucleated animal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1565684/full |
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| author | Teresa Cruz-Bustos Anna Sophia Feix Karin Hummel Sarah Schlosser Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli Anja Joachim |
| author_facet | Teresa Cruz-Bustos Anna Sophia Feix Karin Hummel Sarah Schlosser Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli Anja Joachim |
| author_sort | Teresa Cruz-Bustos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful tools used by pathogens to manipulate host cells, delivering molecular cargo that rewires cellular processes and the immune response. Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed parasite capable of infecting nearly all nucleated animal cells, uses this strategy to thrive in diverse host species and tissue environments.MethodsHere, we reveal the adaptability of T. gondii EVs through proteomic analysis of vesicles released from tachyzoites cultured in four different host cell types: human fibroblasts, green monkey kidney epithelial cells, mouse myoblasts and porcine intestinal epithelial cells.ResultsA core set of 1,244 proteins was consistently identified across TgEVs, defining a conserved signature. Beyond this conserved cargo, host-cell specific variation revealed how T. gondii fine-tunes EV content to exploit different cellular environments. Functional enrichment analyses revealed roles for TgEVs in targeting host protein synthesis and stress response pathways, with implications for immune evasion and infection spread.DiscussionThese findings provide insight into the potential role of EVs in host-pathogen interactions and help us understand the adaptive strategies used by T. gondii to survive and spread. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a18b0f3763d4d3a8ff9a2630866d6eb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a18b0f3763d4d3a8ff9a2630866d6eb2025-08-20T02:56:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-03-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15656841565684The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell typesTeresa Cruz-Bustos0Anna Sophia Feix1Karin Hummel2Sarah Schlosser3Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli4Anja Joachim5Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaVetCore Facility (Proteomics), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaVetCore Facility (Proteomics), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaVetCore Facility (Proteomics), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaIntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful tools used by pathogens to manipulate host cells, delivering molecular cargo that rewires cellular processes and the immune response. Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed parasite capable of infecting nearly all nucleated animal cells, uses this strategy to thrive in diverse host species and tissue environments.MethodsHere, we reveal the adaptability of T. gondii EVs through proteomic analysis of vesicles released from tachyzoites cultured in four different host cell types: human fibroblasts, green monkey kidney epithelial cells, mouse myoblasts and porcine intestinal epithelial cells.ResultsA core set of 1,244 proteins was consistently identified across TgEVs, defining a conserved signature. Beyond this conserved cargo, host-cell specific variation revealed how T. gondii fine-tunes EV content to exploit different cellular environments. Functional enrichment analyses revealed roles for TgEVs in targeting host protein synthesis and stress response pathways, with implications for immune evasion and infection spread.DiscussionThese findings provide insight into the potential role of EVs in host-pathogen interactions and help us understand the adaptive strategies used by T. gondii to survive and spread.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1565684/fullToxoplasma gondiiexovesiclesmicrovesiclesproteomemass-spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Teresa Cruz-Bustos Anna Sophia Feix Karin Hummel Sarah Schlosser Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli Anja Joachim The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Toxoplasma gondii exovesicles microvesicles proteome mass-spectrometry |
| title | The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| title_full | The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| title_fullStr | The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| title_full_unstemmed | The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| title_short | The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| title_sort | proteomic landscape of toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types |
| topic | Toxoplasma gondii exovesicles microvesicles proteome mass-spectrometry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1565684/full |
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