Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of cancer treatment by harnessing their efficacy in treating malignancies. These cancer therapies have shown remarkable result and efficacy across multiple cancer types. However, this review specifically focuses on non-s...

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Main Authors: Mc Neil Valencia, Zeeshan Abbas, Seung Won Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sungkyunkwan University School of Medi 2025-03-01
Series:Precision and Future Medicine
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Online Access:http://pfmjournal.org/upload/pdf/pfm-2025-00009.pdf
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author Mc Neil Valencia
Zeeshan Abbas
Seung Won Lee
author_facet Mc Neil Valencia
Zeeshan Abbas
Seung Won Lee
author_sort Mc Neil Valencia
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of cancer treatment by harnessing their efficacy in treating malignancies. These cancer therapies have shown remarkable result and efficacy across multiple cancer types. However, this review specifically focuses on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer (GC) due to their high incidence rates in Korea and Japan, ranking first to second in both sexes, as well as the availability of real-world data assessing ICI efficacy in these populations. In NSCLC, ICI treatment demonstrated better objective response rate and disease control rate, with overall survival (OS) ranging from 8.4 to 12.6 months in different studies. Nivolumab and atezolizumab exhibited efficacy in disease management in lung lesions. In GC, ICI showed promising efficacy in biomarker-positive patients, including those with programmed death-ligand 1 positive tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair (MSI-H/MMR)-deficient tumors, indicating that ICIs are beneficial for patients with favorable biomarker profiles. The median OS was significantly longer in patients with GC who were treated with ICI (16.9 months vs. 13.9 months). Immunotherapy leads to a durable response and improves the survival rates of patients with advanced or metastatic cancers. However, the success of ICI is affected by mild to severe immune-related adverse events, which are potentially life-threatening. Given the expanding ICIs application across different cancer, further studies are warranted to explores its broader implications and limitations. Therefore, this review explored the impacts of ICIs and their potential drawbacks in cancer treatment in Korea and Japan using real-world data and clinical trials.
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spelling doaj-art-5a0efea984f24e02b038208d6d7064692025-08-20T03:07:25ZengSungkyunkwan University School of MediPrecision and Future Medicine2508-79402508-79592025-03-0191152410.23838/pfm.2025.00009181Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and JapanMc Neil Valencia0Zeeshan Abbas1Seung Won Lee2 Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, KoreaIn recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of cancer treatment by harnessing their efficacy in treating malignancies. These cancer therapies have shown remarkable result and efficacy across multiple cancer types. However, this review specifically focuses on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer (GC) due to their high incidence rates in Korea and Japan, ranking first to second in both sexes, as well as the availability of real-world data assessing ICI efficacy in these populations. In NSCLC, ICI treatment demonstrated better objective response rate and disease control rate, with overall survival (OS) ranging from 8.4 to 12.6 months in different studies. Nivolumab and atezolizumab exhibited efficacy in disease management in lung lesions. In GC, ICI showed promising efficacy in biomarker-positive patients, including those with programmed death-ligand 1 positive tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair (MSI-H/MMR)-deficient tumors, indicating that ICIs are beneficial for patients with favorable biomarker profiles. The median OS was significantly longer in patients with GC who were treated with ICI (16.9 months vs. 13.9 months). Immunotherapy leads to a durable response and improves the survival rates of patients with advanced or metastatic cancers. However, the success of ICI is affected by mild to severe immune-related adverse events, which are potentially life-threatening. Given the expanding ICIs application across different cancer, further studies are warranted to explores its broader implications and limitations. Therefore, this review explored the impacts of ICIs and their potential drawbacks in cancer treatment in Korea and Japan using real-world data and clinical trials.http://pfmjournal.org/upload/pdf/pfm-2025-00009.pdfgastric cancerimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune-related adverse eventsnon-small cell lung cancerprecision oncology
spellingShingle Mc Neil Valencia
Zeeshan Abbas
Seung Won Lee
Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
Precision and Future Medicine
gastric cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors
immune-related adverse events
non-small cell lung cancer
precision oncology
title Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
title_full Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
title_fullStr Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
title_short Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
title_sort efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors evidence from non small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in korea and japan
topic gastric cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors
immune-related adverse events
non-small cell lung cancer
precision oncology
url http://pfmjournal.org/upload/pdf/pfm-2025-00009.pdf
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AT zeeshanabbas efficacyandadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitorsevidencefromnonsmallcelllungcancerandgastriccancerinkoreaandjapan
AT seungwonlee efficacyandadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitorsevidencefromnonsmallcelllungcancerandgastriccancerinkoreaandjapan