Assessment of the Biocontrol Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> Against Infected <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. Germination
This study investigated the biosynthesis, statistical optimization, characterization, and biocontrol activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by newly isolated <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. The <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> strain TA-3N was identified based on the ITS gene...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1560 |
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| Summary: | This study investigated the biosynthesis, statistical optimization, characterization, and biocontrol activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by newly isolated <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. The <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> strain TA-3N was identified based on the ITS gene sequence, together with its phenotypic characteristics (GenBank accession number: OM321439). The color change from light yellow to brown after the incubation period indicates AgNPs biosynthesis. The UV spectrum revealed a single peak with the maximum absorption at 453 nm, indicating that <i>T. asperellum</i> produces AgNPs effectively. A Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) was used to optimize the biosynthesis of AgNPs using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of <i>T. asperellum</i>. The optimal conditions for maximum AgNPs biosynthesis (156.02 µg/mL) were predicted theoretically using the desirability function tool and verified experimentally. The highest biosynthetic produced AgNPs by <i>T. asperellum</i> reached 160.3 µg/mL using AgNO<sub>3</sub> concentration of 2 mM/mL, initial pH level of 6, incubation time of 60 h, and biomass weight of 6 g/100 mL water. SEM and TEM imaging revealed uniform spherical shape particles that varied in size between 8.17 and 17.74 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have a Zeta potential value of −9.51 mV. FTIR analysis provided insights into the surface composition of AgNPs, identifying various functional groups such as N–H, -OH, C-H, C=O, and the amide I bond in proteins. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays demonstrated that AgNPs in combination with <i>T. asperellum</i> can mitigate the toxic effects of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> on barley. This intervention markedly enhanced cell division rates and decreased chromosomal irregularities. The results indicate that AgNPs synthesized by <i>T. asperellum</i> show the potential as an eco-friendly and efficient method for controlling plant diseases. Further studies are necessary to investigate their possible use in the agricultural sector. |
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| ISSN: | 2075-1729 |