Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment

Abstract Entrepreneurship is essential for boosting economic growth, fostering innovation, and providing employment in emerging countries like Pakistan, where the middle class is still growing. Pakistan's entrepreneurship ecosystem has immense potential but faces significant challenges. The stu...

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Main Authors: Mushab Rashid, Muhammad Khalid Anser, Syed Tahir Hussain Shah, Agha Amad Nabi, Ishfaq Ahmad, Khalid Zaman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Future Business Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00557-z
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author Mushab Rashid
Muhammad Khalid Anser
Syed Tahir Hussain Shah
Agha Amad Nabi
Ishfaq Ahmad
Khalid Zaman
author_facet Mushab Rashid
Muhammad Khalid Anser
Syed Tahir Hussain Shah
Agha Amad Nabi
Ishfaq Ahmad
Khalid Zaman
author_sort Mushab Rashid
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Entrepreneurship is essential for boosting economic growth, fostering innovation, and providing employment in emerging countries like Pakistan, where the middle class is still growing. Pakistan's entrepreneurship ecosystem has immense potential but faces significant challenges. The study examines the dynamics of entrepreneurship in Pakistan, identifying and addressing entrepreneur motivations essential to creating policies that stimulate new company startups and growth. The study explores how the regulatory environment, education, innovation investment, capital availability, and infrastructure development affected Pakistan's entrepreneurship from 1996Q1 to 2023Q4. The study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to detect short-term and long-term correlations in time-series data. Granger causality investigations examine how these traits affect entrepreneurship. Finally, the study examined the determinants' inter-temporal connections to determine their impact on entrepreneurship in the coming decade. The short-term results suggest that regulatory quality, research and development investment, and financial availability boost entrepreneurial activity. In contrast, meager income growth and inadequate education hinder entrepreneurship. Sustained investment fosters entrepreneurship, while low educational levels, limited infrastructure, and slow economic growth remain long-term barriers. Granger causality tests show that entrepreneurship and wealth development impact regulatory quality. Infrastructure improvements stimulate research and development expenditures, and the regulatory environment enhances education. Capital availability and educational attainment fuel research and development and infrastructure progress. The inter-temporal analysis predicts that the regulatory environment will have the greatest variation shock on entrepreneurial activity in the next decade, followed by education, finance, economic growth, industrial development, and research and development investment. The study concludes that concentrated reforms in education, infrastructure, financing, and regulation may boost entrepreneurial growth in the short and long term.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2314-7210
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spelling doaj-art-59fc5832e6c243c180ce7cbb6544ae9a2025-08-20T03:45:10ZengSpringerOpenFuture Business Journal2314-72102025-06-0111112110.1186/s43093-025-00557-zFostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environmentMushab Rashid0Muhammad Khalid Anser1Syed Tahir Hussain Shah2Agha Amad Nabi3Ishfaq Ahmad4Khalid Zaman5Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University IslamabadDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityDepartment of Economics, University of WahDepartment of Business Administration, Government College University HyderabadLahore Business School (LBS), Faculty of Management Sciences, The University of LahoreDepartment of Economics, The University of HaripurAbstract Entrepreneurship is essential for boosting economic growth, fostering innovation, and providing employment in emerging countries like Pakistan, where the middle class is still growing. Pakistan's entrepreneurship ecosystem has immense potential but faces significant challenges. The study examines the dynamics of entrepreneurship in Pakistan, identifying and addressing entrepreneur motivations essential to creating policies that stimulate new company startups and growth. The study explores how the regulatory environment, education, innovation investment, capital availability, and infrastructure development affected Pakistan's entrepreneurship from 1996Q1 to 2023Q4. The study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to detect short-term and long-term correlations in time-series data. Granger causality investigations examine how these traits affect entrepreneurship. Finally, the study examined the determinants' inter-temporal connections to determine their impact on entrepreneurship in the coming decade. The short-term results suggest that regulatory quality, research and development investment, and financial availability boost entrepreneurial activity. In contrast, meager income growth and inadequate education hinder entrepreneurship. Sustained investment fosters entrepreneurship, while low educational levels, limited infrastructure, and slow economic growth remain long-term barriers. Granger causality tests show that entrepreneurship and wealth development impact regulatory quality. Infrastructure improvements stimulate research and development expenditures, and the regulatory environment enhances education. Capital availability and educational attainment fuel research and development and infrastructure progress. The inter-temporal analysis predicts that the regulatory environment will have the greatest variation shock on entrepreneurial activity in the next decade, followed by education, finance, economic growth, industrial development, and research and development investment. The study concludes that concentrated reforms in education, infrastructure, financing, and regulation may boost entrepreneurial growth in the short and long term.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00557-zEntrepreneurshipAccess to financeInnovation investmentEducational attainmentInfrastructure developmentRegulatory environment
spellingShingle Mushab Rashid
Muhammad Khalid Anser
Syed Tahir Hussain Shah
Agha Amad Nabi
Ishfaq Ahmad
Khalid Zaman
Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
Future Business Journal
Entrepreneurship
Access to finance
Innovation investment
Educational attainment
Infrastructure development
Regulatory environment
title Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
title_full Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
title_fullStr Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
title_full_unstemmed Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
title_short Fostering entrepreneurship: analyzing the influence of access to finance, innovation investment, educational attainment, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment
title_sort fostering entrepreneurship analyzing the influence of access to finance innovation investment educational attainment infrastructure development and regulatory environment
topic Entrepreneurship
Access to finance
Innovation investment
Educational attainment
Infrastructure development
Regulatory environment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00557-z
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