Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment
Most researches assume snow cover as an unventilated thermal resistance to discuss its impacts on the crushed-rock interlayer embankment (CRIE). However, as a porous medium, its role in altering ventilation cooling remains elusive. We developed a numerical model particularly consisting of ventilated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Advances in Climate Change Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674927825000577 |
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| author | Kun Xiang Aleksandr Zhirkov Zhi Wen Yuan Li Fei Wang Ming-Li Zhang Liangzhi Chen De-Sheng Li Xiao-Ying Li |
| author_facet | Kun Xiang Aleksandr Zhirkov Zhi Wen Yuan Li Fei Wang Ming-Li Zhang Liangzhi Chen De-Sheng Li Xiao-Ying Li |
| author_sort | Kun Xiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most researches assume snow cover as an unventilated thermal resistance to discuss its impacts on the crushed-rock interlayer embankment (CRIE). However, as a porous medium, its role in altering ventilation cooling remains elusive. We developed a numerical model particularly consisting of ventilated snow cover to investigate impacts on the cooling mechanisms and performance of CRIE under climate change. We found that the cooling performance is seriously underestimated if the ventilation of snow cover is ignored. Natural convection and forced convection coexist in cold seasons, and snow cover is conducive to the former, but not to the latter. Snow cover weakens the cooling performance depending on external wind speeds, ambient temperature and relevant properties of snow cover. Before the limit thickness (about 0.5 m) of snow cover, thermal insulation effect would be enhanced with snow cover thickening. On the contrary, it would be weakened and the cooling role increases relatively after the limit. The same goes for total natural convection strength over the entire period of snow cover. Increased snow cover porosity could enhance the cooling performance, while the increase of external wind speeds and extended duration of snow cover might warm the underlying permafrost. The findings provide a valuable reference for its application in snowy permafrost regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-59f73bb995294d32b4e00513444234c4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1674-9278 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Climate Change Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-59f73bb995294d32b4e00513444234c42025-08-20T02:17:10ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Advances in Climate Change Research1674-92782025-04-0116225727210.1016/j.accre.2025.02.009Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankmentKun Xiang0Aleksandr Zhirkov1Zhi Wen2Yuan Li3Fei Wang4Ming-Li Zhang5Liangzhi Chen6De-Sheng Li7Xiao-Ying Li8State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaMelnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS, Yakutsk 677010, RussiaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding author. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, SwitzerlandNanjing University of Science and Technology School of Science, Nanjing 210000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaMost researches assume snow cover as an unventilated thermal resistance to discuss its impacts on the crushed-rock interlayer embankment (CRIE). However, as a porous medium, its role in altering ventilation cooling remains elusive. We developed a numerical model particularly consisting of ventilated snow cover to investigate impacts on the cooling mechanisms and performance of CRIE under climate change. We found that the cooling performance is seriously underestimated if the ventilation of snow cover is ignored. Natural convection and forced convection coexist in cold seasons, and snow cover is conducive to the former, but not to the latter. Snow cover weakens the cooling performance depending on external wind speeds, ambient temperature and relevant properties of snow cover. Before the limit thickness (about 0.5 m) of snow cover, thermal insulation effect would be enhanced with snow cover thickening. On the contrary, it would be weakened and the cooling role increases relatively after the limit. The same goes for total natural convection strength over the entire period of snow cover. Increased snow cover porosity could enhance the cooling performance, while the increase of external wind speeds and extended duration of snow cover might warm the underlying permafrost. The findings provide a valuable reference for its application in snowy permafrost regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674927825000577Crushed-rock interlayer embankmentPermafrostSnow coverCooling performanceConvective heat transfer |
| spellingShingle | Kun Xiang Aleksandr Zhirkov Zhi Wen Yuan Li Fei Wang Ming-Li Zhang Liangzhi Chen De-Sheng Li Xiao-Ying Li Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment Advances in Climate Change Research Crushed-rock interlayer embankment Permafrost Snow cover Cooling performance Convective heat transfer |
| title | Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment |
| title_full | Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment |
| title_short | Impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed-rock interlayer embankment |
| title_sort | impacts of snow cover on the cooling mechanism and performance in the crushed rock interlayer embankment |
| topic | Crushed-rock interlayer embankment Permafrost Snow cover Cooling performance Convective heat transfer |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674927825000577 |
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