Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review
With the widespread adoption of smartphones, concerns about increased exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency have emerged. This scoping review examines the effects of mobile phone exposure on neural oscillations and cortical excitability, focusing on both motor and non-motor regions of the cerebral...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2749 |
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| author | Azadeh Torkan Maryam Zoghi Negin Foroughimehr Ali Yavari Shapour Jaberzadeh |
| author_facet | Azadeh Torkan Maryam Zoghi Negin Foroughimehr Ali Yavari Shapour Jaberzadeh |
| author_sort | Azadeh Torkan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the widespread adoption of smartphones, concerns about increased exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency have emerged. This scoping review examines the effects of mobile phone exposure on neural oscillations and cortical excitability, focusing on both motor and non-motor regions of the cerebral cortex. A scoping review identified seventy-eight studies that involved healthy individuals and employed electroencephalography and only two studies that investigated transcranial magnetic stimulation as primary technical tools. The findings suggest that mobile phone exposure may affect brain oscillations and cortical excitability. However, inconsistencies in experimental methods across studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Additionally, research on fifth-generation technology, particularly mmWave exposure from next-generation mobile networks, remains limited and needs further exploration. These gaps highlight the need for more in-depth studies on how mobile phone exposure impacts brain function. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-59d308b5a5a149efaca9dbc58b065a37 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-59d308b5a5a149efaca9dbc58b065a372025-08-20T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01259274910.3390/s25092749Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping ReviewAzadeh Torkan0Maryam Zoghi1Negin Foroughimehr2Ali Yavari3Shapour Jaberzadeh4Monash Neuromodulation Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3199, AustraliaDiscipline of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Melbourne, VIC 3842, AustraliaAustralian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia6G Research and Innovation Lab, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, AustraliaMonash Neuromodulation Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3199, AustraliaWith the widespread adoption of smartphones, concerns about increased exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency have emerged. This scoping review examines the effects of mobile phone exposure on neural oscillations and cortical excitability, focusing on both motor and non-motor regions of the cerebral cortex. A scoping review identified seventy-eight studies that involved healthy individuals and employed electroencephalography and only two studies that investigated transcranial magnetic stimulation as primary technical tools. The findings suggest that mobile phone exposure may affect brain oscillations and cortical excitability. However, inconsistencies in experimental methods across studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Additionally, research on fifth-generation technology, particularly mmWave exposure from next-generation mobile networks, remains limited and needs further exploration. These gaps highlight the need for more in-depth studies on how mobile phone exposure impacts brain function.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2749electromagnetic exposurebrain oscillationselectroencephalographycorticospinal excitability5GEME |
| spellingShingle | Azadeh Torkan Maryam Zoghi Negin Foroughimehr Ali Yavari Shapour Jaberzadeh Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review Sensors electromagnetic exposure brain oscillations electroencephalography corticospinal excitability 5G EME |
| title | Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review |
| title_full | Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review |
| title_short | Effects of Mobile Electromagnetic Exposure on Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability: Scoping Review |
| title_sort | effects of mobile electromagnetic exposure on brain oscillations and cortical excitability scoping review |
| topic | electromagnetic exposure brain oscillations electroencephalography corticospinal excitability 5G EME |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2749 |
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