Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation

Abstract Constructing high cycling stability and rate performance under limited or ideally zero sodium excess, namely initially anode-free design, which can obtain the ultimate energy density of sodium metal batteries, is highly desired yet remains challenging. Here, highly ordered and regularly arr...

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Main Authors: Fang Tang, Yang Yang, Congcong Liu, Shoumeng Yang, Shitan Xu, Yu Yao, Hai Yang, Yaxiong Yang, Shengnan He, Hongge Pan, Xianhong Rui, Yan Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57424-2
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author Fang Tang
Yang Yang
Congcong Liu
Shoumeng Yang
Shitan Xu
Yu Yao
Hai Yang
Yaxiong Yang
Shengnan He
Hongge Pan
Xianhong Rui
Yan Yu
author_facet Fang Tang
Yang Yang
Congcong Liu
Shoumeng Yang
Shitan Xu
Yu Yao
Hai Yang
Yaxiong Yang
Shengnan He
Hongge Pan
Xianhong Rui
Yan Yu
author_sort Fang Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Constructing high cycling stability and rate performance under limited or ideally zero sodium excess, namely initially anode-free design, which can obtain the ultimate energy density of sodium metal batteries, is highly desired yet remains challenging. Here, highly ordered and regularly arranged Al(100) single crystal current collector is constructed based on the grain boundary migration theory through a simple high-temperature calcination method, which eliminates the diffusion resistance of Na+ migration at grain boundaries, reduces the nucleation overpotential and interface diffusion energy barrier, increases the Na+ transfer rate, and exhibits uniform reversible sodium deposition capability. Profiting from the modified current collector surface, the Al(100) electrode can be cycled stably for 500 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% (2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2), and its symmetrical cell delivers an adequate Na plating/stripping stability over 2500 h (0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2) and 1500 h (1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2). The Al(100) current collector enhances the rate performance of the initially anode-free Al(100)‖Na3V2(PO4)3 full battery, enabling it to sustain 100 cycles at a high current density of 1.755 mA cm−2 with a final discharge capacity of 68.0 mAh g−1 (constant current-constant voltage charging protocol).
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spelling doaj-art-59ce950abb0342869267065edb9b02372025-08-20T02:47:06ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-57424-2Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientationFang Tang0Yang Yang1Congcong Liu2Shoumeng Yang3Shitan Xu4Yu Yao5Hai Yang6Yaxiong Yang7Shengnan He8Hongge Pan9Xianhong Rui10Yan Yu11Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological UniversityInstitute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological UniversityInstitute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of TechnologyHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Constructing high cycling stability and rate performance under limited or ideally zero sodium excess, namely initially anode-free design, which can obtain the ultimate energy density of sodium metal batteries, is highly desired yet remains challenging. Here, highly ordered and regularly arranged Al(100) single crystal current collector is constructed based on the grain boundary migration theory through a simple high-temperature calcination method, which eliminates the diffusion resistance of Na+ migration at grain boundaries, reduces the nucleation overpotential and interface diffusion energy barrier, increases the Na+ transfer rate, and exhibits uniform reversible sodium deposition capability. Profiting from the modified current collector surface, the Al(100) electrode can be cycled stably for 500 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% (2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2), and its symmetrical cell delivers an adequate Na plating/stripping stability over 2500 h (0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2) and 1500 h (1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2). The Al(100) current collector enhances the rate performance of the initially anode-free Al(100)‖Na3V2(PO4)3 full battery, enabling it to sustain 100 cycles at a high current density of 1.755 mA cm−2 with a final discharge capacity of 68.0 mAh g−1 (constant current-constant voltage charging protocol).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57424-2
spellingShingle Fang Tang
Yang Yang
Congcong Liu
Shoumeng Yang
Shitan Xu
Yu Yao
Hai Yang
Yaxiong Yang
Shengnan He
Hongge Pan
Xianhong Rui
Yan Yu
Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
Nature Communications
title Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
title_full Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
title_fullStr Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
title_full_unstemmed Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
title_short Initially anode-free sodium metal battery enabled by strain-engineered single-crystal aluminum substrate with (100)-preferred orientation
title_sort initially anode free sodium metal battery enabled by strain engineered single crystal aluminum substrate with 100 preferred orientation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57424-2
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