A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber

The venting process is one of the most important events during the thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in determining fire accidents, while different ambient pressures will exert an influence on the venting events as well as the TR. Ternary nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) batteries wi...

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Main Authors: Cheng Li, Hewu Wang, Yalun Li, Minggao Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/4/189
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author Cheng Li
Hewu Wang
Yalun Li
Minggao Ouyang
author_facet Cheng Li
Hewu Wang
Yalun Li
Minggao Ouyang
author_sort Cheng Li
collection DOAJ
description The venting process is one of the most important events during the thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in determining fire accidents, while different ambient pressures will exert an influence on the venting events as well as the TR. Ternary nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) batteries with a 75% state of charge (SOC) were employed to conduct TR tests under different ambient pressures in a sealed chamber with dilute oxygen. It was found that elevated ambient pressure results in milder ejections in terms of jet temperature and mass loss. Gas venting characteristics were also obtained. Additionally, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) released increase with ambient pressure, while carbon monoxide (CO) varies inversely with ambient pressure. The higher the ambient pressure is, the greater the flammability risk is. The molar amount of C, H, O, and total gases released shows a positive correlation with the maximum battery temperature and ambient pressure. This study will support the design of safety valves and help reveal the effects of venting events on the evolution of TR.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series World Electric Vehicle Journal
spelling doaj-art-59b7dd2ecfed4933b40e0c906a577c632025-08-20T02:18:11ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-03-0116418910.3390/wevj16040189A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed ChamberCheng Li0Hewu Wang1Yalun Li2Minggao Ouyang3School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaThe venting process is one of the most important events during the thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in determining fire accidents, while different ambient pressures will exert an influence on the venting events as well as the TR. Ternary nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) batteries with a 75% state of charge (SOC) were employed to conduct TR tests under different ambient pressures in a sealed chamber with dilute oxygen. It was found that elevated ambient pressure results in milder ejections in terms of jet temperature and mass loss. Gas venting characteristics were also obtained. Additionally, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) released increase with ambient pressure, while carbon monoxide (CO) varies inversely with ambient pressure. The higher the ambient pressure is, the greater the flammability risk is. The molar amount of C, H, O, and total gases released shows a positive correlation with the maximum battery temperature and ambient pressure. This study will support the design of safety valves and help reveal the effects of venting events on the evolution of TR.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/4/189LIBsTRgas venting characteristicsgas compositionsdifferent pressures
spellingShingle Cheng Li
Hewu Wang
Yalun Li
Minggao Ouyang
A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
World Electric Vehicle Journal
LIBs
TR
gas venting characteristics
gas compositions
different pressures
title A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
title_full A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
title_fullStr A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
title_full_unstemmed A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
title_short A Case Study on Gas Venting Events in NCM523 Batteries During Thermal Runaway Under Different Pressures in a Sealed Chamber
title_sort case study on gas venting events in ncm523 batteries during thermal runaway under different pressures in a sealed chamber
topic LIBs
TR
gas venting characteristics
gas compositions
different pressures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/4/189
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