In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels

Directed Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc/M) represents a promising approach to the production of complex and medium-sized parts, eliminating the need for specific tooling and the minimization of resource use. However, the inherent thermal conditions of DED-Arc/M, characterized by high cooling rates a...

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Main Authors: Ulf Ziesing, Santiago Benito, Sebastian Weber, Jonathan Lentz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023688
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author Ulf Ziesing
Santiago Benito
Sebastian Weber
Jonathan Lentz
author_facet Ulf Ziesing
Santiago Benito
Sebastian Weber
Jonathan Lentz
author_sort Ulf Ziesing
collection DOAJ
description Directed Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc/M) represents a promising approach to the production of complex and medium-sized parts, eliminating the need for specific tooling and the minimization of resource use. However, the inherent thermal conditions of DED-Arc/M, characterized by high cooling rates and successive reheating cycles, result in microstructures distinctly different from those observed in traditional cast materials. Nevertheless, the influence of thermal history on DED-Arc/M processed hot-work tool steels remains an insufficiently addressed topic in previous studies. Therefore, this work systematically investigates the effects of heat input and accumulation through assessing the thermal history and resulting microstructural changes during DED-Arc/M processing of the hot-work tool steel AISI H13 (X40CrMoV5-1). Accordingly, layer-wise heat input results in heat accumulation, leading to high interpass temperatures, significantly impacting the solidification and, thus, the microsegregation as well as the overall chemical homogeneity. By employing an innovative statistical approach that incorporates quantitative EDS data, the distribution of chemical elements was investigated. Furthermore, a novel computational procedure through the utilization of empirical and thermodynamic calculations was used to identify microstructural effects on the thermodynamic stability of retained austenite. This research offers vital insights into the microstructural dynamics of tool steels processed through DED-Arc/M, underlining the pivotal role of precise thermal management in tailoring material microstructures and, consequently, influencing the properties for unlocking the full potential of additive manufacturing for industrial applications.
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spelling doaj-art-59ab4bb53ccf4e4bb7a3398f4b53d88e2025-08-20T02:38:59ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01334162417510.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.098In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steelsUlf Ziesing0Santiago Benito1Sebastian Weber2Jonathan Lentz3Corresponding author.; Chair of Materials Technology, Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyDirected Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc/M) represents a promising approach to the production of complex and medium-sized parts, eliminating the need for specific tooling and the minimization of resource use. However, the inherent thermal conditions of DED-Arc/M, characterized by high cooling rates and successive reheating cycles, result in microstructures distinctly different from those observed in traditional cast materials. Nevertheless, the influence of thermal history on DED-Arc/M processed hot-work tool steels remains an insufficiently addressed topic in previous studies. Therefore, this work systematically investigates the effects of heat input and accumulation through assessing the thermal history and resulting microstructural changes during DED-Arc/M processing of the hot-work tool steel AISI H13 (X40CrMoV5-1). Accordingly, layer-wise heat input results in heat accumulation, leading to high interpass temperatures, significantly impacting the solidification and, thus, the microsegregation as well as the overall chemical homogeneity. By employing an innovative statistical approach that incorporates quantitative EDS data, the distribution of chemical elements was investigated. Furthermore, a novel computational procedure through the utilization of empirical and thermodynamic calculations was used to identify microstructural effects on the thermodynamic stability of retained austenite. This research offers vital insights into the microstructural dynamics of tool steels processed through DED-Arc/M, underlining the pivotal role of precise thermal management in tailoring material microstructures and, consequently, influencing the properties for unlocking the full potential of additive manufacturing for industrial applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023688Additive manufacturingRapid toolingDED-Arc/MHot-work tool steelAISI H13Microstructural evolution
spellingShingle Ulf Ziesing
Santiago Benito
Sebastian Weber
Jonathan Lentz
In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Additive manufacturing
Rapid tooling
DED-Arc/M
Hot-work tool steel
AISI H13
Microstructural evolution
title In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
title_full In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
title_fullStr In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
title_full_unstemmed In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
title_short In-situ preheating: Novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition-arc of hot-work tool steels
title_sort in situ preheating novel insights into thermal history and microstructure of directed energy deposition arc of hot work tool steels
topic Additive manufacturing
Rapid tooling
DED-Arc/M
Hot-work tool steel
AISI H13
Microstructural evolution
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023688
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AT sebastianweber insitupreheatingnovelinsightsintothermalhistoryandmicrostructureofdirectedenergydepositionarcofhotworktoolsteels
AT jonathanlentz insitupreheatingnovelinsightsintothermalhistoryandmicrostructureofdirectedenergydepositionarcofhotworktoolsteels