The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil
Polymer application combined with nitrogen (N) fertilization can increase soil N transformation efficiency. However, the mechanism of polymer influencing soil biocommunity characteristics and nitrogen transformation is still unclear. In this field experiment, a self-developed water-soluble polymer m...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Yan Sun Chunying Wei Shenglin Zhang Hua Fan Dashuang Hong Hong Huang Kaiyong Wang |
| author_facet | Yan Sun Chunying Wei Shenglin Zhang Hua Fan Dashuang Hong Hong Huang Kaiyong Wang |
| author_sort | Yan Sun |
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| description | Polymer application combined with nitrogen (N) fertilization can increase soil N transformation efficiency. However, the mechanism of polymer influencing soil biocommunity characteristics and nitrogen transformation is still unclear. In this field experiment, a self-developed water-soluble polymer material (PPM, a mixture of anionic polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate) was combined with N fertilization N100 (300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N), PN100 (PPM + 300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N), and PN80 (PPM + 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N) to investigate soil biodiversity, enzyme activities, and metabolomics. The results showed that under the application of PPM, the contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (ANS), nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon (SOC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) increased with a decrease in the N application rate, while soil bulk density, pH, and EC (electrical conductivity) decreased. The Chao 1 index of soil bacterial and nematode communities of the PN80 treatment was 30.6% and 10.7% higher than that of the N100 treatment, respectively, and the Shannon index was 2.72% and 2.64% higher than that of the N100 treatment, respectively. In the short term, the application of PPM affected the structure and composition of soil bacterial and nematode communities. In particular, the relative abundances of omnivorous (<i>Aporcelaimellus</i>) and bacterivorous (<i>Prismatolaimus</i>) nematodes were significantly higher than those of the N100 treatment. These changes further regulated the soil metabolites, promoting soil nitrogen transformation. This study will provide a scientific basis for nitrogen reduction in drip-irrigated wheat planting in arid regions. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-599fb95b9d4e41889e3e33ae2be617de2025-08-20T02:21:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01136133410.3390/microorganisms13061334The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat SoilYan Sun0Chunying Wei1Shenglin Zhang2Hua Fan3Dashuang Hong4Hong Huang5Kaiyong Wang6Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaAgricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization for Low Grade Phosphate Rock and Its Associated Resources, Guiyang 550000, ChinaAgricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaAgricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization for Low Grade Phosphate Rock and Its Associated Resources, Guiyang 550000, ChinaAgricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaPolymer application combined with nitrogen (N) fertilization can increase soil N transformation efficiency. However, the mechanism of polymer influencing soil biocommunity characteristics and nitrogen transformation is still unclear. In this field experiment, a self-developed water-soluble polymer material (PPM, a mixture of anionic polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate) was combined with N fertilization N100 (300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N), PN100 (PPM + 300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N), and PN80 (PPM + 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of N) to investigate soil biodiversity, enzyme activities, and metabolomics. The results showed that under the application of PPM, the contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (ANS), nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon (SOC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) increased with a decrease in the N application rate, while soil bulk density, pH, and EC (electrical conductivity) decreased. The Chao 1 index of soil bacterial and nematode communities of the PN80 treatment was 30.6% and 10.7% higher than that of the N100 treatment, respectively, and the Shannon index was 2.72% and 2.64% higher than that of the N100 treatment, respectively. In the short term, the application of PPM affected the structure and composition of soil bacterial and nematode communities. In particular, the relative abundances of omnivorous (<i>Aporcelaimellus</i>) and bacterivorous (<i>Prismatolaimus</i>) nematodes were significantly higher than those of the N100 treatment. These changes further regulated the soil metabolites, promoting soil nitrogen transformation. This study will provide a scientific basis for nitrogen reduction in drip-irrigated wheat planting in arid regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1334polymerwheatnematode diversitynitrogen conversionnitrogen reduction |
| spellingShingle | Yan Sun Chunying Wei Shenglin Zhang Hua Fan Dashuang Hong Hong Huang Kaiyong Wang The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil Microorganisms polymer wheat nematode diversity nitrogen conversion nitrogen reduction |
| title | The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil |
| title_full | The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil |
| title_short | The Effects of Polymer–Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomes in Drip-Irrigated Wheat Soil |
| title_sort | effects of polymer nitrogen fertilizer on biomes in drip irrigated wheat soil |
| topic | polymer wheat nematode diversity nitrogen conversion nitrogen reduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1334 |
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