Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa

The global utilisation of Oreochromis spp. in freshwater aquaculture extends to South Africa. Here the native Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has been proposed as a priority species for regional aquaculture projects, although it is still not preferred over the non-native O. niloticus. T...

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Main Authors: Mahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu, Gordon Craig O’Brien, Colleen Thelma Downs, Sandi Willows-Munro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-04-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/18877.pdf
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author Mahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu
Gordon Craig O’Brien
Colleen Thelma Downs
Sandi Willows-Munro
author_facet Mahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu
Gordon Craig O’Brien
Colleen Thelma Downs
Sandi Willows-Munro
author_sort Mahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu
collection DOAJ
description The global utilisation of Oreochromis spp. in freshwater aquaculture extends to South Africa. Here the native Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has been proposed as a priority species for regional aquaculture projects, although it is still not preferred over the non-native O. niloticus. There is limited understanding of the genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation of farmed O. mossambicus in South Africa. Using a suite of 14 microsatellite markers, the present study aimed to determine the origin and genetic diversity of four farmed O. mossambicus populations in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces. Wild O. mossambicus from rivers surrounding the farms were included to trace the origin of farmed populations. Results revealed lower genetic diversity in farmed populations compared to wild populations. In particular, the University of Zululand population exhibited lower genetic diversity compared to the rest of the farmed populations. While most farmed populations closely resembled their local wild counterparts, the uMphafa ponds exhibited distinct genetic characteristics. Notably, some individuals from uMphafa shared genetic affinities with those from the Thukela River, suggesting that the Thukela River could be the source of this farmed population, or that farmed fish may have been introduced or escaped into the river. The study suggests that select farmed populations may have the potential for use in breeding and broodstock supplementation programs but emphasizes the importance of thorough genetic monitoring. However, before these populations can be considered for broodstock supplementation, further investigation is required to confirm their genetic integrity and rule out potential contamination from invasive species.
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spelling doaj-art-599e7f81a6744d72a03d3a8584daa5e62025-08-20T03:18:46ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-04-0113e1887710.7717/peerj.18877Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South AfricaMahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu0Gordon Craig O’Brien1Colleen Thelma Downs2Sandi Willows-Munro3Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaGulbali Institute, Inland Fisheries Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, AustraliaCentre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaCentre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaThe global utilisation of Oreochromis spp. in freshwater aquaculture extends to South Africa. Here the native Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has been proposed as a priority species for regional aquaculture projects, although it is still not preferred over the non-native O. niloticus. There is limited understanding of the genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation of farmed O. mossambicus in South Africa. Using a suite of 14 microsatellite markers, the present study aimed to determine the origin and genetic diversity of four farmed O. mossambicus populations in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces. Wild O. mossambicus from rivers surrounding the farms were included to trace the origin of farmed populations. Results revealed lower genetic diversity in farmed populations compared to wild populations. In particular, the University of Zululand population exhibited lower genetic diversity compared to the rest of the farmed populations. While most farmed populations closely resembled their local wild counterparts, the uMphafa ponds exhibited distinct genetic characteristics. Notably, some individuals from uMphafa shared genetic affinities with those from the Thukela River, suggesting that the Thukela River could be the source of this farmed population, or that farmed fish may have been introduced or escaped into the river. The study suggests that select farmed populations may have the potential for use in breeding and broodstock supplementation programs but emphasizes the importance of thorough genetic monitoring. However, before these populations can be considered for broodstock supplementation, further investigation is required to confirm their genetic integrity and rule out potential contamination from invasive species.https://peerj.com/articles/18877.pdfGenetics diversityOreochromisSouth AfricaAquacultureFarmed population
spellingShingle Mahlatse Fortunate Mashaphu
Gordon Craig O’Brien
Colleen Thelma Downs
Sandi Willows-Munro
Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
PeerJ
Genetics diversity
Oreochromis
South Africa
Aquaculture
Farmed population
title Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
title_full Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
title_fullStr Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
title_short Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa
title_sort genetic assessment of farmed oreochromis mossambicus populations in south africa
topic Genetics diversity
Oreochromis
South Africa
Aquaculture
Farmed population
url https://peerj.com/articles/18877.pdf
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AT gordoncraigobrien geneticassessmentoffarmedoreochromismossambicuspopulationsinsouthafrica
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AT sandiwillowsmunro geneticassessmentoffarmedoreochromismossambicuspopulationsinsouthafrica