A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay

Abstract Background Ixodes fuscipes is a tick species found in the Southern Cone of America and the only member of the Ixodes ricinus complex present in Uruguay. Members of this complex are particularly recognized as vectors of diseases affecting human health, such as babesiosis, caused by parasites...

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Main Authors: Rodrigo Alvez, María L. Félix, Adriana Santodomingo, Pablo Parodi, Richard Thomas, Sebastián Muñoz-Leal, Luis Carvalho, José M. Venzal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06866-0
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author Rodrigo Alvez
María L. Félix
Adriana Santodomingo
Pablo Parodi
Richard Thomas
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
Luis Carvalho
José M. Venzal
author_facet Rodrigo Alvez
María L. Félix
Adriana Santodomingo
Pablo Parodi
Richard Thomas
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
Luis Carvalho
José M. Venzal
author_sort Rodrigo Alvez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Ixodes fuscipes is a tick species found in the Southern Cone of America and the only member of the Ixodes ricinus complex present in Uruguay. Members of this complex are particularly recognized as vectors of diseases affecting human health, such as babesiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida). However, even though potential hosts of I. fuscipes in Uruguay (rodents, birds, and artiodactyls) are known carriers of Babesia species, the potential role of I. fuscipes as a vector of piroplasmids has not been studied. Methods In this study, questing I. fuscipes ticks were collected from five locations in Uruguay, and the presence of piroplasmid DNA was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify fragments of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. Results A total of 953 ticks (larvae, nymphs, and adults) were collected; 14 samples (two larval pools and 12 nymphs) tested positive. Genetic analyses using 18S rDNA and COI sequences revealed the presence of undescribed Babesia lineages, belonging to the Babesia odocoilei clade and others to the Babesia microti sensu stricto clade. Conclusions This work represents the first association of Babesia spp. with I. fuscipes and highlights the importance of this type of study to detect and mitigate the emergence of diseases associated with these arthropods. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-599e01dcad754d37b7dfb3f0de8948f92025-08-20T02:37:13ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-06-0118111310.1186/s13071-025-06866-0A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in UruguayRodrigo Alvez0María L. Félix1Adriana Santodomingo2Pablo Parodi3Richard Thomas4Sebastián Muñoz-Leal5Luis Carvalho6José M. Venzal7Laboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la RepúblicaLaboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la RepúblicaCentro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del MauleInstituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA TacuarembóDepartamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de ConcepciónDepartamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de ConcepciónAgResearch, Grasslands Research CentreLaboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la RepúblicaAbstract Background Ixodes fuscipes is a tick species found in the Southern Cone of America and the only member of the Ixodes ricinus complex present in Uruguay. Members of this complex are particularly recognized as vectors of diseases affecting human health, such as babesiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida). However, even though potential hosts of I. fuscipes in Uruguay (rodents, birds, and artiodactyls) are known carriers of Babesia species, the potential role of I. fuscipes as a vector of piroplasmids has not been studied. Methods In this study, questing I. fuscipes ticks were collected from five locations in Uruguay, and the presence of piroplasmid DNA was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify fragments of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. Results A total of 953 ticks (larvae, nymphs, and adults) were collected; 14 samples (two larval pools and 12 nymphs) tested positive. Genetic analyses using 18S rDNA and COI sequences revealed the presence of undescribed Babesia lineages, belonging to the Babesia odocoilei clade and others to the Babesia microti sensu stricto clade. Conclusions This work represents the first association of Babesia spp. with I. fuscipes and highlights the importance of this type of study to detect and mitigate the emergence of diseases associated with these arthropods. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06866-0Vector-borne piroplasmidsBabesia spp.Ixodes fuscipesOne HealthUruguay
spellingShingle Rodrigo Alvez
María L. Félix
Adriana Santodomingo
Pablo Parodi
Richard Thomas
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
Luis Carvalho
José M. Venzal
A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
Parasites & Vectors
Vector-borne piroplasmids
Babesia spp.
Ixodes fuscipes
One Health
Uruguay
title A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
title_full A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
title_fullStr A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
title_full_unstemmed A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
title_short A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay
title_sort survey for piroplasmids in questing ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed babesia lineages in uruguay
topic Vector-borne piroplasmids
Babesia spp.
Ixodes fuscipes
One Health
Uruguay
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06866-0
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