Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming

Abstract Empowering the reconfigurable metasurfaces (RM) with the capability to be mechanically deformable highlights the possibility to manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave across arbitrary surfaces. Such ambition is hampered by the absence of adaptivity to shape variation in current programmin...

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Main Authors: Fan Li, Taisong Pan, Weihan Li, Zujun Peng, Dengji Guo, Xiang Jia, Taiqi Hu, Lingxiao Wang, Wei Wang, Min Gao, Guang Yao, Le Zuo, Mei Bi, Xiaolong Weng, Wenxuan Tang, Yuan Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58249-9
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author Fan Li
Taisong Pan
Weihan Li
Zujun Peng
Dengji Guo
Xiang Jia
Taiqi Hu
Lingxiao Wang
Wei Wang
Min Gao
Guang Yao
Le Zuo
Mei Bi
Xiaolong Weng
Wenxuan Tang
Yuan Lin
author_facet Fan Li
Taisong Pan
Weihan Li
Zujun Peng
Dengji Guo
Xiang Jia
Taiqi Hu
Lingxiao Wang
Wei Wang
Min Gao
Guang Yao
Le Zuo
Mei Bi
Xiaolong Weng
Wenxuan Tang
Yuan Lin
author_sort Fan Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Empowering the reconfigurable metasurfaces (RM) with the capability to be mechanically deformable highlights the possibility to manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave across arbitrary surfaces. Such ambition is hampered by the absence of adaptivity to shape variation in current programming strategies for RM. Herein, we present a flexible intelligent surface platform (FISP) as a solution to achieve flexible RM with highly stable performance under dynamic deformation. The geometry acquisition module in FISP enables real-time awareness of RM’s deformation with the conformal sensor array. By merging the actual shape of flexible RM into the input of the adaptive algorithm driven by the artificial neural network, the deformed flexible RM in FISP can be autonomously encoded by the bias voltage supply module to ensure robust performance under various deformation conditions. The versatility of FISP in manipulating EM waves is demonstrated by its applications in electromagnetic illusion, carpet cloaking, and data transmission, illustrating the prospects for seamlessly integrating flexible electronics and RM in the development of future EM metasurfaces.
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issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-598b5e7ce0b24ffbaf976815b4444d5d2025-08-20T03:07:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-58249-9Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programmingFan Li0Taisong Pan1Weihan Li2Zujun Peng3Dengji Guo4Xiang Jia5Taiqi Hu6Lingxiao Wang7Wei Wang8Min Gao9Guang Yao10Le Zuo11Mei Bi12Xiaolong Weng13Wenxuan Tang14Yuan Lin15School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves and Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast UniversityInstitute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THUSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THUSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaThe 29th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group CorporationSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves and Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast UniversitySchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Empowering the reconfigurable metasurfaces (RM) with the capability to be mechanically deformable highlights the possibility to manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave across arbitrary surfaces. Such ambition is hampered by the absence of adaptivity to shape variation in current programming strategies for RM. Herein, we present a flexible intelligent surface platform (FISP) as a solution to achieve flexible RM with highly stable performance under dynamic deformation. The geometry acquisition module in FISP enables real-time awareness of RM’s deformation with the conformal sensor array. By merging the actual shape of flexible RM into the input of the adaptive algorithm driven by the artificial neural network, the deformed flexible RM in FISP can be autonomously encoded by the bias voltage supply module to ensure robust performance under various deformation conditions. The versatility of FISP in manipulating EM waves is demonstrated by its applications in electromagnetic illusion, carpet cloaking, and data transmission, illustrating the prospects for seamlessly integrating flexible electronics and RM in the development of future EM metasurfaces.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58249-9
spellingShingle Fan Li
Taisong Pan
Weihan Li
Zujun Peng
Dengji Guo
Xiang Jia
Taiqi Hu
Lingxiao Wang
Wei Wang
Min Gao
Guang Yao
Le Zuo
Mei Bi
Xiaolong Weng
Wenxuan Tang
Yuan Lin
Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
Nature Communications
title Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
title_full Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
title_fullStr Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
title_full_unstemmed Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
title_short Flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape-guided adaptive programming
title_sort flexible intelligent microwave metasurface with shape guided adaptive programming
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58249-9
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